2019年适合中小企业做跨境电商的平台有哪些？

更新1: 你对蛋挞的感觉!!!!! ,蛋挞，台湾称为蛋塔，挞为英文「tart」之音译，意指馅料外露的馅饼（相对表面被饼皮覆盖馅料密封之批/派馅饼pie）；蛋挞即以蛋浆为馅料的「tart」。做法是把饼皮放进小圆盆状的饼模中，倒入由砂糖及鸡蛋混合而成之蛋浆，然后放入烤炉；烤出的蛋挞外层为松脆之挞皮，内层则为香甜的黄色凝固蛋浆。 纵然蛋挞深受中国香港人欢迎，但其在中国香港历史尚短。据业余中国香港历史学者吴昊考证，1920年代的广州，各大百货公司竞争激烈，为了吸引顾客，百货公司的厨师每周都会设计一款「星期美点」作招徕，蛋挞正是这时候在广州出现。Laura Mason在《Traditional Foods of Britain》提出早在中世纪，英国人已利用奶品、糖、蛋及不同香料，制作类似蛋挞的食品。 中国香港引入蛋挞的时代，现未有准确年份，有说自1940年代起，中国香港饼店已出现蛋挞，1950年代至1980年代打入多数茶餐厅。初时茶餐厅的蛋挞都比较大，一个蛋挞便可以成为一个下午茶餐。1990年代起，兼营包饼之茶餐厅逐渐减少，故现只在旧式茶餐厅方有自家烤制的蛋挞，其他茶餐厅则从面包工场订购蛋挞飨客。另一方面，中国香港不少酒楼的点心中也包括蛋挞仔（小型蛋挞）。 2007-03-06 21:45:27 补充： "Very easy to make Chinese style Egg Tart, you can put the leftovers in the refrigerator for later use for up to 3 days. 2007-03-06 21:45:39 补充： You can reduce the sugar used on the crust and the filling to fit your taste, this recipe is lightly sweetened. If you want to you, can add more sugar to the filling. Hope you enjoy it!",参考: zh. *** /wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E6%92%BB,外貌:Very cute 我对蛋挞的感觉:Delicious,蛋挞，是欧洲传来的产品，英国人称之为「custard tart」，一直是欧洲普遍的家庭甜品之一，custard是鸡蛋、奶及糖混合制成的软冻，我们称之为「蛋」，tart则取其音叫挞。 据说在40年代时，有些餐厅推出西式早餐（奶茶、蛋挞），用来打破广东人饮茶 食点心的习惯。食家蔡澜表示，当年的蛋挞比现在的大两倍以上，一大个蛋挞加杯奶茶，是五六十年代劳苦大众至爱的东西。当经济开始起飞，陆羽率先出现了迷你蛋挞。后期中国香港有钱人愈来愈多，蛋挞上还会加上燕窝、鲍鱼等配料，但经济不景，这些蛋挞又不见了。原来蛋挞更可反映经济环境。 蛋 挞 同 沙 翁 两 种 「 名 物 」 都 试 咗， 沙 翁 就 几 好 味 ， 甜 度 适 中 又 唔 多 油 ， 反 之 个 蛋 挞 就 好 普 通 兼 且 劲 重 牛 油 味 ， 我 觉 得 凯 施 嘅蛋 挞 仲 好 味 好 多 ~ 唔 值 得 专 登 远 度 而 来 一 试 喇 … 今 次 走 左 去 旺 角 行 街 , 食 个 蛋 挞 个 tea先 , 依 然 都 系 新 鲜 热 辣 , 个 挞 皮 劲 多 牛 油 , 虽 然 好 香 但 好 漏 , 而 且 个 蛋 好 似 太 过 甜 , 好 甜 , 又 系 好 漏 , 同 中 环 的 水 准 差 得 远 .... Tassie Visited the Kowloon Tai Cheong last week. Seems the waiting time just as long. So popular, even in a food court. Brought myself and family some lovely egg tarts and enjoyed it with some great Barista coffee. The tarts taste just as good as the ones in Central. Crispy pastry and nice hot filling. It was worth the wait 要找出最能代表中国香港的标志，很多人会选维港、海洋公园等。至于食物呢？鱼蛋、鸡蛋仔、车仔面都是热门之选。不过，在小朋友心中，最能代表中国香港的，莫过于蛋挞。 早前二千多个小童投票选出中国香港十大标记，其中三个是食物，分别是蛋挞（1123票）、菠萝油（994票）和鸡蛋仔（916票）。 蛋挞外面松脆，内里香滑，难怪讨得小朋友和大人的欢心。既然它是中国香港标志，应把它发扬光大，让外地人认识这个港产食品。 蛋挞为中国香港受英国殖民地时代洋泾滨饮食文化影响之产物，约于1920年代开始于中国香港的茶楼和饼家。现时蛋挞已成为中国香港面包糕饼店内必备的小吃；1950年代至1980年代多数茶餐厅兼营面包西饼，故蛋挞亦为港式茶餐厅内流行小食。初时茶餐厅的蛋挞都比较大，一个蛋挞便可以成为一个下午茶餐。1990年代起，兼营包饼之茶餐厅逐渐减少，故现只在旧式茶餐厅方有自家烤制的蛋挞，其他茶餐厅则从面包工场订购蛋挞飨客。,egg tart is a kind of food that es from Hong Kong,it is very famous in here,many tourist like it very mouch,many tourist always e Hong Kong to try this food.Out of Hong Kong,there are other countries make their own egg tart but Ijust only like Hong Kong's egg tart,I like Hong Kong's egg tart very much cause it tastes delicious but it has many fat in it ,so I think dont eat too much.,Egg tarts are a kind of pastry that is popular in Hong Kong, Macau and surrounding areas in southern China. It consists of a flaky outer crust, with a middle filled with egg custard, which is then baked. It is related to the English-style custard tart, a pastry monly enjoyed in the British Isles, Australia, and New Zealand. Egg tarts are typically marketed at Chinese, Hong Kong, and Macau bakeries, cha chaan tengs (tea restaurants), and some dim sum restaurants. The second character in the Chinese name (ta) is a character that closely resembles 'tart' in pronunciation (used only for its sound), while the first (dan) is Chinese for 'egg'. Today's egg tarts e in many variations due to Hongkongers' gastronomic curiosity. These include egg white tarts, milk tarts, honey-egg tarts, ginger-flavored egg tarts (the o aforementioned variations were a take upon traditional milk custard and egg custard, which was usually served in cha chaan tengs), chocolate tarts, green-tea-flavoured tarts and even bird's nest tarts. One theory suggests Chinese egg tarts are a Chinese adaption of English custard tarts. Guangdong had long been the region in China with most frequent contact with the West, in particular Britain. As a former British colony, Hong Kong food would naturally assimilate British tastes. Custard tarts made of shortcrust pastry, eggs, sugar, milk or cream, vanilla, and nutmeg have long been a favourite pastry in the British Isles, Australia, and New Zealand. According to Laura Mason and Catherine Bell's Traditional Foods of Britain: An Inventory (Prospect Books, London, 2004) a version of custard tart has been made in England since the Middle Ages. The medieval recipe was a shortcrust pastry case filled with a mixture of milk or cream, eggs, sweetening agents, and other spices. Gary Rhodes's New British Classics (BBC Worldwide, London, 1999) states the recipe of making the modern version of English custard tart has been more or less set since the Tudor times. According to one website, custard tarts were introduced in Hong Kong in the 1940s by cha chaan tengs and western cafes and bakeries to pete with dim sum restaurants, later evolving to bee egg tarts today.,参考: en. *** /wiki/Egg_tart,

有以下几点吧。第一，跨境电子商务为企业打造国际品牌提供了新机会。 第二，跨境电子商务是促进产业结构升级的新动力。跨境电子商务的发展，直接推动了物流配送、电子支付、电子认证、信息内容服务等现代服务业和相关电子信息制造业的发展。第三，跨境电子商务为政府提升对外开放水平提供了新抓手，也对政府传统的体制机制提出了新挑战。做的好的跨境商城可以了解下有赞跨境电商解决方案，口碑不错。

hard 、well、fast、close、free、deep、wide、high、late、most、pretty、easy、firm、direct、loud、slow、near(一） late/latelylate 意为“迟，晚”，置于句末或动词后。He goes to bed late and gets up late.lately 意为“近来，最近”，相当于 recently ，可置于句首也可置于句末。Lately I"ve collected a lot of foreign stamps.（二） pretty/prettilypretty 与 rather， very 相近，意为“相当，十分”。It"s pretty cold outdoors today.prettily 意为“漂亮地，有礼貌地”。She was prettily dressed at the party.（三） hard/hardlyhard 意为“努力地，猛烈地”。It is raining hard.hardly 意为“几乎不，简直不”，常置于行为动词前或情态动词、助动词、系动词之后。I was so tired that I could hardly walk.（四） new/newlynew 作副词一般用在某些合成词中，常与过去分词构成合成形容词，两个词之间有连字符。a new-born babya new-laid eggnewly 意为“新近地”，一般用于修饰过去分词，中间无连字符。They are a newly married couple.Don"t sit on the newly painted chair.（五） easy/easilyeasy 作副词意义和 easily 相同，但它仅用于某些惯用语中。如： Take it easy. 别着急。Easy come， easy go. 来得容易，去得快。Easier said than done. 说来容易做来难。Stand easy！ 稍息！Easily 意为“容易地，轻松地，随便地”。He lots his temper easily. 他很容易发火。（六） firm/firmlyfirm 与 firmly 意义相同，它仅用于与某些动词的习惯搭配中。如： hole firm ， stand firm .Whatever they may say， I"ll stand firm by you. 无论他们说什么，我都会坚定地站在你身边。firmly 意为“牢牢地，坚定地”，可放在动词前，也可放在动词后。I firmly believe in his leadership.我坚信他的领导。“We won"t give in，” he said firmly.“我们决不投降。”他坚定地说。（七） deep/deeplydeep 意为“深深地”时主要表示具体可感的深度，一般不放在实义动词前。He went deep into the water.They dug deep for the treasure.deeply “深深地，深入地”常用于表示抽象的概念，用于引申义，动词之后或过去分词之前。He was deeply moved by their story.（八） direct/directlydirect 意为“直接地，一直地”，它多用来表示时间或路程，不能置于动词前。He flew direct to New York.他直接飞往纽约。directly 可表示“直接地，直率地，直截了当地，马上”等意。He drove directly to school.He answered me directly.他直率地回答了我的问题。（九） loud/loudlyloud 作副词意为“大声地”，常与 talk， speak， sing， laugh 等词连用，它不能置于动词前。They laughed loud and long.他们大声笑了很久。Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。loudly 表示“杂、乱、大”的声音。The bomb exploded loudly.She cried loudly.（十） most/mostlymost 作副词，意为“最，非常”，修饰动词时，不能置于动词和宾语之间。I like swimming most.mostly 意为“绝大多数，大部分地，主要地”。如：The students are mostly from the countryside. （=Most of the students are from the countryside.）The medicine is mostly sugar and water.这种药的主要成分是糖和水。（十一） first/firstlyfirst 意为“首先，起初，开始时，第一次”。First， I"d like to make a self-introduction.首先，我想做一下自我介绍。When did you first meet？你们最初什么时候见的面？firstly 意为“第一，首先”，用于例举事物或理由。Firstly， she didn"t graduate. Secondly， she meant to live with her parents.（十二） high/highlyhigh 用来表示具体高度、上升的幅度。This kind of bird flies high.另外，它与某些词搭配也可表示抽象意义。如： aim high （目标高）， live high （过富裕生活）。highly 含有比喻义，意为“高度地，非常地”可修饰动词、过去分词、形容词。This method is highly effective.这种方法非常有效。The little boy was highly praised for what he had done.这小孩儿因其所作所为受到人们的高度赞扬。（十三） close/closelyclose 意为“接近，靠近，挨近”，多用于描述两物体之间距离上的变化。He was told to stand close to the wall.有人告诉他靠墙站着。He went closer to her.他向她挨得更近了一些。closely 常用于比喻意，表示“仔细地，紧密地，严密地”。They were closely united around the Partly.他们紧紧地团结在党的周围。The baby was closely looked after by her mother.这个婴儿被她母亲紧紧地看护着。（十四） wide/widelywide 意为“广大地，广阔地，全部地”，主要指具体范围，只能放在所修饰的动词的后面。The doctor told her to open her mouth wide.He travels far and wide.他去过很多地方。wide 有时也可用于表示程度，相当于“ completely ”。如： He was wide awake. = He was completely awake. 他睡意全无。widely 意为“广泛地，大大地”，用于引申义。As a writer he is widely known.作为一名作家，他远近闻名。They differ widely on this point.在这一点上他们的意见迥异。（十五） slow/slowlyslow 作副词仅和 go， drive， pass 等动词连用，且只能用在动词后面。Tell the driver to go slower.How slow time passes！slowly 和 slow 意思相同，前者可用于引申义，且比 slow 用得更广泛，置于谓语动词前后均可。He slowly realized his mistake.Slowly the water in the tube turned green.（十六） near/nearlynear 意为“在附近，临近，接近”，仅置于动词后。Easter draws near. 复活节快要到了。另外它也可用在下面一些短语中，如：as near as = nearlynear at hand = within easy reachcome near to = almostfar and near = everywherenearly 意为“几乎，差不多”。The job was nearly finished before he came.工作快要做完的时候他才来。

外贸电商平台有:亚马逊、eBay、阿里巴巴（alibaba），环球资源(Global Sources)，中国制造（made in China），世界工厂（For buyers），小笨鸟等。1、亚马逊亚马逊公司（Amazon，简称亚马逊；NASDAQ：AMZN），是美国最大的一家网络电子商务公司，位于华盛顿州的西雅图。是网络上最早开始经营电子商务的公司之一，亚马逊成立于1995年，一开始只经营网络的书籍销售业务，现在则扩及了范围相当广的其他产品，已成为全球商品品种最多的网上零售商和全球第二大互联网企业，在公司名下，也包括了AlexaInternet、a9、lab126、和互联网电影数据库（Internet Movie Database，IMDB）等子公司。2、eBayeBay（EBAY，中文电子湾、亿贝、易贝）是一个管理可让全球民众上网买卖物品的线上拍卖及购物网站。ebay于1995年9月4日由Pierre Omidyar以Auctionweb的名称创立于加利福尼亚州圣荷西。人们可以在ebay上通过网络出售商品。3、阿里巴巴（alibaba）阿里巴巴集团经营多项业务，另外也从关联公司的业务和服务中取得经营商业生态系统上的支援。业务和关联公司的业务包括：淘宝网、天猫、聚划算、全球速卖通、阿里巴巴国际交易市场、1688、阿里妈妈、阿里云、蚂蚁金服、菜鸟网络等。拓展资料：B2B这个电子商务新术语，是由现任阿里巴巴集团主席马云先生提出来的。现在已成为电子商务领域内的通用词汇。外贸B2B平台中的两个B均代表Business，"2"则是英语"two"的谐音，代表"to"。因此一般来说我们把B2B仍然按照英文的读音"B-to-B"来念，而不是把"2"作为中文发音。但现在有很多人已经习惯把"B2B"按照中文读音来发音了，并且在谈论电子商务时也不至于引起误解，因此无论怎么念，通常都可以理解。参考资料：百度百科

　　掌握英语 句子 结构,才能更准确的理解英语句子的意思并正确写出,也有利于提高中学生的 英语阅读 能力和写作水平。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分，欢迎阅读!　　初中英语句子成分精选 　　初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 　　英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词 造句 ，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 　　请同学们认真阅读下面的问答，我相信它一定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的作用。 　　【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 　　【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 　　【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及 短语 充当? 　　【答】 　　1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如： 　　The car is running fast.(名词) 　　We are students.(代词) 　　One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) 　　It"s bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) 　　Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 　　【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 　　2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： 　　He works in a factory.(实义动词) 　　I felt cold.(系动词+表语) 　　How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) 　　Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) 　　They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 　　【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 　　3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如： He is doing his homework.(名词) 　　They did nothing this morning.(代词) 　　She wants to go home.(不定式) 　　We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 　　【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如： 　　He bought me a book. 　　Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 　　直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如： 　　Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) 　　Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 　　②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如： 　　I hope to see you again. 　　③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如： 　　Do you mind my opening the window? 　　④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。 　　a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如： Don"t forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来) 　　I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了) 　　b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下 　　原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如： 　　I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。) 　　The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。) 　　4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) 　　She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) 　　There are two students in the classroom.(数词) 　　We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式) 　　The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语) 　　【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。 　　5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如： 　　Thank you very much.(副词) 　　I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语) 　　He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语) 　　We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句) 　　【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如： 　　He is old enough to go to school. 　　6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如： 　　They are workers.(名词) 　　Two and three is five.(数词) 　　The story is very interesting.(形容词) 　　M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) 　　She is at home.(介词短语) 　　I feel terrible.(形容词) 　　The dish tastes delicious.(形容词) 　　7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如： 　　We elected him monitor.(名词) 　　I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词) 　　The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语) 　　He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词) 　　They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词) 　　初中英语句子成分学习 　　英语句子成分结构详解 　　一、英语语句基本结构分析： 　　(一)主谓宾结构： 　　1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 　　eg: The boy comes from America. 　　He made a speech. 　　Two and two is four. 　　To be a teacher is my dream. 　　Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. 　　2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没 　　有宾语，形成主谓结构， 　　eg:We come. 　　Many changes took place in my home town. 　　注(以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去，如：come, go 等) 　　3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是u2018代词宾格u2019，如：me，him，them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。 　　eg：I will do it tomorrow. 　　The boy needs a pen. 　　I like swimming. 　　I like to swim this afternoon. 　　(二)主系表结构： 　　1、主语：同u2018主谓宾u2019结构。 　　2、谓语：联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。 　　3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。 　　(1)当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达u2018转变为u2019之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。 　　eg: He became a teacher at last. 　　His face turned red. 　　(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词 　　eg: He looks well.他面色好。 　　It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。 　　I feel good.我感觉好。 　　The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。 　　例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy 　　(三)There be 结构： 　　There be 表示u2018存在有u2019。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词u2018there那里u2019混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示u2018(存在)有某事物u2019 　　试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词u2018那里u2019。 　　二、定语 　　定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用u2018u2026u2026的u2019表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，(如：something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 　　(一)形容词作定语： 　　The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 　　(二)数词作定语相当于形容词： 　　Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 　　(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语： 　　His boy needs Tom"s pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 　　There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 　　(四)介词短语作定语： 　　The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 　　There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 　　(五)名词作定语： 　　The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 　　副词作定语： 　　The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 　　不定式作定语： 　　The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 　　(六)分词(短语)作定语： 　　The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 　　(七) 定语从句： 　　The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。 　　三、状语 　　状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等 　　状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如：often)或程度(如：almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 　　有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成u2018男孩喊教室里的女孩u2018(此时in the classroom为girl的定语)，也可以理解为u2018男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时u2019in the classroom为地点状语)，最好写作u2018In the classroom,the boy calls the girl." 　　(一)副词(短语)作状语： 　　The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语) 　　The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置) 　　The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语) 　　(二)介词短语作状语： 　　In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) 　　(三)分词(短语)作状语： 　　He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态) 　　Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语) 　　(四)不定式作状语： 　　The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语) 　　(五)名词作状语： 　　Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语) 　　(六)状语从句： 　　时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，比较状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句 　　四、直接宾语和间接宾语： 　　(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc. 　　(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语;一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 　　一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 　　eg:Give me a cup of tea,please. 　　强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr. 　　五、宾语补足语 　　位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 　　(一)名词/代词宾格 + 名词 　　The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士. 　　(二)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词 　　New methods make the job easy.新 方法 使这项工作变得轻松. 　　(三)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语 　　I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作. 　　(四)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式 　　The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户. 　　(五)名词/代词宾格 + 分词 　　I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路. 　　六、同位语 　　同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如： We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批u2018学生u2019) We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的u2018我们u2019) 　　七、独立成分 　　有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。 　　感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 　　如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个 故事 还远没结束. 　　情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。 　　八、分词独立结构 　　分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结 　　构。 　　例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up. 　　正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up. 　　解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 　　分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过u2018There being...u2019的场合不能省略. 　　如： 　　Game (being) over,he went home. 　　He stands there,book (being) in hand. 　　独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。 　　如： 　　With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做，他很快就睡着了。 　　The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。(注意，此句on his nose不可省略!)

因为有英国人所以有英语.外国人也会问为什么有汉语.

　　对于很多想去美国留学的人们来说，不知道对于留学美国的衣食住行有没有了解呢？今天就和的我一起来了解一下美国留学的衣食住行是怎么样的？ 　 　一、美国住宿 　　到美国第一件事肯定是要先解决住的问题，也就是我们中国人常说的你得先安顿下来才能开始你的留学生活，美国的房屋大概分为三种：Dorm，Apartment，House。 　　1.Dorm是学校宿舍 　　一般有公用厨房、客厅和卫生间，具体是什么样的，那就看你就读的学校网站，上面都会有详细的图片。 　　2.Apartment是小区 　　小区一般提供Studio，房间从一室一厅到四室两厅不等（房间越多租金越贵） 　　3.House 　　是独栋，一般三间房以上，带小院子，像小别墅。 　　租房和中国一样，都是先交押金，但美国的押金不算在房租里面，一般是等租约满了退给你。具体租哪一种自己决定，学校的押金在网上交，其他的私人房东则各有各的政策，这些你都要提前询问清楚。（记得按时交房租，在美国迟了的话可是有＂罚款＂的，一天25刀-75刀不等） 　　提到租房，我也多说两句注意事项，大多数留学生在国内几乎是没有租房经验的，所以到了国外租房了解周边的交通、安全度、宗教、人种等一系列情况是必须的，其次选定房子后房屋的各种硬件设备各类收费情况等等这些都要全部详细了解清楚，毕竟到了国外就得靠你自己一个人了。 　　 二、食物 　　到了美国，想要天天吃中国菜是不太可能的，所以你要学会接纳外国食物，当然你也可以在出国前向老妈学习下厨艺，以免哪天突然很想吃家里的菜却不知道该怎么办。 　　想自己做菜的话可以去超市买材料，一些做中餐的工具一般亚洲超市都有。在宿舍做饭要注意避免油烟，烟一大火警就会响，到时候搞得整个宿舍楼的人都出来就尴尬了。 　　当然如果你想出去餐馆吃的话，还是有非常多的选择，毕竟在美国你可以找到全世界各地的美食，什么日餐法餐等等，但注意美国都是要给小费的，一般给消费额的10%-15%，快餐店不用给。 　 　三、美国交通 　　美国几乎人人都是开车出门，像公交地铁这种只有在纽约芝加哥这种大城市才比较完善，在很多地方是看不到有人走路的，所以千万别大晚上的在外面走，非常危险。 　　如果你打算读完研究生不留在美国的话，可以不用考驾照，靠校车和公交蹭一下就够了。 　　坐公交和国内一样，在地铁站办一张公交卡，自行充值，收好小票，因为如果不小心遗失了需要凭借小票上的费用来挂失。注意美国的公交不是每站都停的，如果你要下车拉一下座位上方的绳子提醒驾驶员，这样你就可以下车了。 　　如果你要继续在美国工作甚至定居的话，那你就必须去考驾照了，美国驾照分为笔试和路试，笔试在很多地方都可以免费考很多次，过了之后会拿到一个Permit，之后就可以路试，一年之内可以路试三次。 　　如果为了方便你要买车的话有钱你就买新的拮据一点就买二手的，记得从正规的车行购买，找有经验的人和你一起，可以砍砍价。 　 　四、购物娱乐 　　在美国生活免不了要采购很多生活用品，在美国每年各种节假日（以劳动节感恩节圣诞节为主）都会大打折扣。注意在美国刷信用卡都要出示ID CARD，一般来说就是你的护照或者驾照。 　　刚到美国很多学生都没有车出行很不方便，所以网购是最便捷的，用邮箱申请亚马逊prime，几天就能到货。 　　总的来说买吃的去当地一些超市，家具家电Amazon或者IKEA，电子产品Best buy、New Egg，衣服去store或者mall，化妆品低端的去超市高端的去商场，比较全的有Ulta、Sephora。 　　娱乐玩耍的话美国有非常多可以提供的好去处，很多博物馆动物园等一周都会有一天免费，当然像比较知名的纽约百老汇，如果你想去看戏的话，最后早点去排队，因为人非常多。但我还是想说，毕竟你还是为了学业来到美国的，还是应以学习为主，娱乐活动在周末节假日偶尔参加一下就可以了。 　 　五、健康安全 　　等到真正出了国，万事都得靠自己，所以管理好自己的健康是非常重要的，毕竟在美国看病真的非常贵。 　　在出国前，就把一系列的该弄的该治的全部解决好，一些常用的感冒药胃药或者自己经常范的病需要的药全部准备妥当，有必要的话可以准备一个医用箱以备不时之需。 　　千万千万不要随便接受别人给你的药或者糖，因为你不知道那是不是毒品！ 　　众所周知美国是持枪自由的国家，所以一定要保护好自身安全，晚上尽量不要出门，要去不熟悉的地方多叫几个朋友，尽量不要与别人发生冲突，因为你不知道把他惹毛了会有什么后果！ 　　如遇到了什么紧急事件，打911，告诉警察你的详细地址，不要慌张，学会冷静应对。

他们都是复制过来的 我简单跟你说下把 你这个是老的照片 只有曼森早版的歌是他们做的 但是后期的杰作 是john 5 就是你这张照片曼森左边的 和02年入队的Tim skold融入的精华 你这张最左边的可能是曼森乐队02走的那位Twiggy ramirez 08年又归队替换了当初替代他的Tim skold. 又好像是Gidget Gein死于吸毒过量的那个吉他手.我算是曼森的歌迷 但是早期的队员照片我认不出谁是谁.我比较喜欢曼森火热期间的吉他手John 5 和贝斯手 tim skold.两个人很帅而且都是很有才华的人，John 5 被称为吉他大师 他离队后的专辑很棒 tim skold也是 在队时为乐队贡献很大 而且精通很多乐器 作曲 最主要的是超帅.至于Twiggy ramirez的资料 楼上的都复制的很清楚了跳槽了之后又回来的一位有才华的吉他手

以下这个表很全，左边是英国，右边是美国的说法。BRITISH TO AMERICAN Accumulator (automotive) = battery, car battery Alsatian (dog) = German shepherd Articulated lorry = tractor-trailer (truck), a "semi" Ass = donkey; U.S. ass = G.B. "arse," i.e. one"s backside (in addition to normal "donkey") Athletics (an ... meet) = track and field Backlog = log-jam, pile-up (of business orders, for example). U.S. backlog = comfortable reserve of orders — difference between the two is in opposite interpretation or connotation of same basic situation. Bank holiday = holiday Bap = bun, hamburger bun, hamburger roll Mrs. Beeton = Fanny Farmer (standard cooking, household reference book) Bespoke = custom-tailored, tailor-made Big Dipper = roller coaster (at a "Fun-Fair" = "Amusement Park" Bilberry = blueberry "Bird" = "chick" Biro = Papermate (ball-point pen trade name which equals "generic" name) Biscuit = cookie (U.S. "biscuit" is a baked bread, "bap," "scone" Blancmange = vanilla pudding Block, block of flats = apartment building (U.S. term "block" [city block] unknown as such in British English, though usually understandable. "Bomb" (theater terminology) = a "hit," a great success. U.S. "bomb" = G.B. failure, critical disaster, i.e. the two are exact opposites in sentences like "The play was a bomb!" Boiler suit = overalls Bonnet (automotive) = hood (of a car...) Boot (automotive) = trunk (of a car...) Bottom drawer = hope chest Bowler (hat) = derby (special connotations & different pronunc.) Braces = suspenders; U.S. suspenders = G.B. garters, stocking fasteners Brambleberry = blackberry Bottom of the street = end of the street Box (TV) = Tube (both slang, colloquial terms) Bull = "mickey mouse" (unnecessary military drill); U.S. bull = G.B. cock Bum = ass, rectum; U.S. bum = G.B. tramp, derelict Bun in the oven = pregnant, eating for two Call box = (tele)phone booth Camp bed = cot; U.S. cot = G.B. baby bed Car park = parking lot Caretaker (for a building) = janitor (not same as "vahtimestari") Carriage (railway) = railroad car, subway car Carrier bag = shopping bag Caucus = permanent group in a political party; U.S. caucus = G.B. ad hoc planning meeting of a group in a political party Central reservation = median strip (between halves of a divided highway) Charge sheet = police record Chemist (drugstore) = druggist Chips = french fries; U.S. chips often = dried buffalo, cow dung (other cases, i.e. poker chips, wood chips, the same) Chucker-out = bouncer (doorman or "enforcer" in a bar/restaurant "In the City" = "on Wall Street" (in main financial district) City editor = financial editor; U.S. city editor = G.B. "community news editor" Cloakroom = toilet; U.S. cloakroom = clothes closet, garment storage area Coach = intercity bus Combinations = union suit (colloquial for long underwear) Comforter = scarf; U.S. comforter = heavy quilt, blanket Compére = Master of ceremonies, M.C. (of TV game show, etc.) Constable = (police) officer "To cop" = "to get" something unpleasant, i.e. "to cop a 15-pound fine." U.S. "to cop" = to plead guilty to a lesser charge in order to avoid prosecution & probable conviction on a more serious charge ("to cop a plea" = "plea-bargaining") Corn = all grain crops; U.S. corn = G.B. "maize" only. Costermonger = pushcart seller (Sent to) Coventry = ostracized Crisps = potato chips Cupboard = closet; U.S. closet = G.B. w.c., or toilet Davenport = antique folding writing desk; U.S. davenport = large sofa, often which folds out into a bed at night. Deposit account = savings account Dinner jacket = tuxedo ("black tie" formal dress) Dormitory = bedroom; U.S. dormitory = G.B. residence hall Dresser = kitchen sideboard; U.S. dresser = bedroom drawers, vanity "Duck" = "goose egg" (a zero on the scoreboard of a sports match) Dumb = mute; U.S. dumb usually means "stupid" rather than "mute," which is a secondary meaning in U.S. usage. Dustbin = garbage can, ashcan (exterior waste-disposal unit) Dynamo (automotive) = generator (within automobile engine) Earth wire = ground wire (in electricity, electronics) Elastic band = rubber band To Enjoin = to compel, to legally force; U.S. enjoin = to legally forbid — i.e. same term in same general contextual usage has precisely the opposite meaning Ex-serviceman = veteran; U.S. veteran = G.B. old ex-serviceman; (U.S. term has no special age connotation, only that the person have had prior military experience sometime) Fag = (a) cigarette; (b) public-school underclass "servant"; U.S. fag = low-slang term for male homosexual. Fanny = vagina (vulgar usage); U.S. fanny = light euphemism for "backside," either male or female. First floor = second floor, etc. (Britain walks in ground floor, goes up 1 set of stairs to first floor; U.S. ground floor and first floor are the same. Fish slice = pancake turner, spatula (kitchen tool); U.S. spatula = G.B. tongue depressor (medical instrument) Fitted carpet = wall-to-wall carpeting Flan = pie, fruit pie Flannel = washcloth; U.S. flannel = heavy warm cotton fabric; "flannels" would be long underwear made from such heavy warm fabric. Flat = apartment; U.S. flat = tenement flat = poor-standard slum apartment. Flick knife = switch-blade knife, a switchblade Flyover = overpass (as in a bridge over a road); U.S. flyover = airplane passing over a certain place, as in military parade "flyovers"; verb is "to overfly." Form (school) = grade [i.e. first form = first grade in school] Garden = yard; U.S. garden = vegetable garden, fljower garden, i.e. area of special cultivation. U.S. yard = G.B. paved area (lorry yards) Goods (car, train) = freight; U.S. goods = supplies, commercial stock Grind = sexual intercourse; U.S. grind = slang for "hard (routine) work." Haberdasher = notions seller; U.S. haberdasher = men"s clothing seller To Hack = to (deliberately) kick; U.S. to hack = to chop, cut viciously. High street = Main street To Hire = to rent (in most cases); U.S. to hire = to employ Hire-purchase = (the "never-never") = installment plan Hoarding = billboard (large advertising sign alongside road) Hold up = traffic jam; U.S. holdup = robbery at gunpoint. Homely = home-loving, domestic, pleasant; U.S. homely = plain- looking (female), therefore often "left" at home. To Hoover = to vacuum (carpets, etc.) "Hoover" in the U.S. is a brand name only, never used as a verb. Inland = internal, domestic (Inland Revenue = Internal Revenue) Inverted commas = quotation marks (GB = "xx"; USA = "xx") Inquiry agent = private detective Jelly = Jello (deriving from brand name Jell-O, gelatin dessert) "On the job" = having sexual intercourse; U.s. "on the job" = while working, learning, i.e. "on the job training." Joint = pot roast; U.S. "joint" = marijuana cigarette Juggernaut lorry = a very large truck, an overlong truck, a "double semi" truck Jumble sale = rummage sale Jumper = light pullover (sweater); U.S. jumper = type of knee- length woman"s dress worn over blouse or sweater Kirby grips = bobby pins (to fasten long hair ...) A Knock-up = (tennis) to warm up, to volley a few, to practice-volley To Knock up = to awaken, call early in the morning; U.S. "to knock up" is colloquial for "to impregnate" Lacquer = hairspray; U.S. lacquer = wood varnish, shellac (high-gloss), i.e. protective decorative wood coating Ladder = (in women"s stockings" = a runner, a run Lay-by = (beside a road) = a pull-off, a rest area. Left-luggage office = check room, baggage check (room) Level crossing = railroad crossing. Lift = elevator Lip balm = chapstick Logic-chopping = splitting hairs, hair-splitting Long jump (in athletics) = broad jump (in track and field) Lorry = truck Loud-hailer = bullhorn, amplified megaphone Lucky dip = grab bag (children"s party game or activity ...) Lumber room = spare room, storage room (in a home) Mackintosh = raincoat, overcoat, trenchcoat Mains = ordinary built-in home electrical network (no special word as equivalent in U.S.) Market garden = truck farm Marrow (vegetable) = squash, gourd Mason = stoneworker; U.S. mason can be stone- or brickworker Marriage lines = marriage certificate Mean = stingy, tight with money; U.S. "mean" normally means nasty, spiteful, ill-meaning in action toward another Mess kit = formal military dress for ceremonial dining; U.S. mess kit = army or boy scout utensils for cooking or eating a meal on the trail. Minced meat = hamburger meat, ground beef; U.S. mincemeat = sweet, spicy ground meat/fruit/nut combination used for making pies, especially around Thanksgiving/Christmas Mineral water = any carbonated soft drink; U.S. mineral water = bottled natural water (containing normal minerals) from spring or health spa, Perrier water, etc. Mistress = teacher in girls" school; U.S. mistress = lover (extramarital) Mob = gang, group (neutral); U.S. mob = angry crowd; "the mob" = Mafia Motorist, motoring = driver, driving Music Hall = vaudeville (generic entertainment type/place name) Nappy = diaper (for infants not toilet-trained) A Neat drink = a straight drink, i.e. "give me a straight whiskey" = whiskey without water or other additives Nervy = nervous, jumpy; U.S. nervy = bold, impertinent, i.e. nearly the opposite of the British usage Night club = private membership club; U.S. nightclubs are public (commercial) entertainment places Number plate = license plate (on automobiles) Off-license = liquor store Old boy (girl) = alumni, alumnus, alumna [of a school] Pantechnicon = moving van Panda car = police patrol car, police cruiser Patience (card game) = Solitaire Pecker (keep your pecker up) = keep your chin up; U.S. pecker = penis Pram (peramulator) = baby carriage, baby buggy, stroller, walker Petrol = gasoline, gas (to go in automobiles, airplane, etc.) Pie = meat pie; U.S. pie is always a fruit or fruit-derived pie, unless "a meat pie" is specifically indicated Pillar-box = mailbox, post office box, letter box, letter drop Pissed (he was really...) = drunk; U.S. "pissed = angry, upset Pitch (soccer) = field (football) [GB "football" = US "soccer"] Plimsolls = sneakers, tennis shoes, gym shoes Point = electric outlet, railroad switch (depending on context) Polka dots = chocolate chips (food product for baking) Prawn = shrimp Prom, prom concert = music concerts where most of the audience is standing; U.S. prom = dance, semi-formal, especially at end of year in high schools, colleges Rates = local, municipal property taxes Redundant = laid off (from a job); U.S. redundant = superfluous (no connotation of connection with jobs at all) Return ticket = round-trip ticket Ringway = circular road (around a city), bypass Rise = raise in salary To Roger = to "screw," have sex with; to exploit, take advantage of, to use Roll neck (pullover) = turtleneck (sweater). Roundabout = traffic circle Rubber = eraser; U.S. rubber = condom, prophylactic device Saloon = "sedan" car (automobile); US saloon = western-style bar Saloon bar = one section of an English pub Sanitary towel = sanitary napkin, feminine hygienic item A good screw = a good salary; U.S. "good screw" equals good "fuck" or good sexual experience To Screw = to cajole, persuade, extract money from; U.S. "to screw" = to have sex with, fornicate Season ticket = commuter (train, bus) weekly or monthly ticket; U.S. season ticket is admission ticket to all home games in one season of a particular sports team To Second to = to temporarily loan staff to another job or unit Sellotape = Scotch tape (both brand names now used as "generics" "Semi" = duplex, duplex house; U.S. "semi" = tractor-trailer truck rig Seminary = Roman Catholic seminary only; U.S. Seminary can be ANY religion, i.e. Lutheran, Methodist seminaries Sherbet = powdered, fruit-flavored candy; U.S. sherbet = G.B. sorbet (pronounced "soorbay") Shorthand-typist = stenographer To shy = to throw something (he shied a rock at the stray dog...) Sideboards = sideburns (in a hairstyle) Single = one-way ticket; U.S. "single" in context would mean "only one" as opposed to "several" tickets To Snog = to neck (i.e. kissing, hugging, etc., esp teenagers) Spinster = any unmarried woman; U.S. spinster is always OLD unmarried woman Standard lamp = floor lamp (as opposed to table or wall lamp) S.T.D. (subscriber trunk dialling) = direct distance dialling [on the telephone, as opposed to dialling through operator] Steps = ladder; U.S. "steps" always would mean staircase, built- in stairway or staircase To stream (pupils in a school) = to track (streaming = tracking) Stroke (punctuation) = diagonal, slash To Stuff = to fornicate, have sex with; U.S. "I"m stuffed..." = to be comfortably, pleasantly full of food, satiated Sub-editor = copy reader or rewrite person, in journalism Subs = dues, as in union dues, etc. Subway = underground walking passage, underpass, pedestrian tunnel; U.S. subway = G.B. "underground," i.e. underground railway system for public transportation Superannuation scheme = retirement pension plan Supply teacher = substitute teacher Supertax = surtax Surgery = a doctor"s of

ear，yellow，new，he发音与其他的单词不同。英文里相同字母但是发音不同是很正常的，在英语当中，有规则读音和不规则读音两种，比如：elephant他有两个e，但是两个发音不一样。也许起初发明这个词汇的时候就是规定这样读的。另外，有一些读音是有规律的。相对元音节里面，元音字母发它字母本身的音。

Unit 1window 窗户 have （我们）有 board 写字板 new 新的 light 灯，灯管 go 去 picture 画，图画 where 在......哪里 door 门 computer 计算机 floor 地板 teacher"s desk 讲台 classroom 教室 wall 墙 many 许多的 fan 扇子，电扇 our 我们的 clean 打扫，清洁，擦干净的 classmate 同学 good idea 好主意 have a look 看一看 all right 好吧，好的 seat 座位 good job 干的好 ear 在......的旁边 you 你 what 什么 see 看 in 在......里面 me 我 the 这个，这里 look at 看...... we 我们Unit 2Chinese book 语文书 pencil 铅笔 English book 英语书 twenty-one 二十一 math book 数学书 thirty-one 三十一 schoolbag 书包 forty-one 四十一 stiry-book 故事书 fifty 五十 notebbook 笔记本 too many 太多了 colour 颜色 too many 太多了 fat 胖的 heavy 重的；沉重的 may 可以 what"s=what is-sure 当然可以 sorry 对不起 here you are 给你 book 书 bag 包 ruler 尺子 pen 钢笔 pencil-case 铅笔盒Unit 3long hair 长头发 short hair 短头发 thin 瘦的 strong 健壮的 quiet 安静的 friend(s) 朋友（复数） chinese 中国的 like 喜欢 his 他的 photo 照片 he"s=he is has （他/她）有 name 名字 he 他 teacher 教师 student 学生 music 音乐 science 科学 sports 体育运动 computer game 电脑游戏 painting 绘画 she"s=she is her 她的 you"re=you are she 她 right 对的；正确的 boy 男孩 girl 女孩 friend 朋友Unit 4study 书房 bathroom 卫生间 bedroom 卧室 living room kitchen 厨房 it"s=it is hey 嘿 fish 鱼 isn"t=is not here 这里 home 家 room 房间 school 学校 classroom 教室 phone 电话 bed 床 sofa 沙发 shelf 书架 fridge 冰箱 table 桌子they 他们 aren"t=are not they"re=they are key 钥匙 open 打开 look 看 please 请 on 在……上面 no 不；不是 window 窗户 desk 课桌；书桌 door 门 chair 椅子 bed 床 Unit 5rice 米饭 fish 鱼 noodle(s) 面条（复数） beef 牛肉 vegetable 蔬菜 soup 汤 have 吃 dinner 晚餐；正餐 wait 等 I"d like=I would like bread 面包 milk 牛奶 egg 蛋 water 水 hungry 饥饿的 for 为；给 thank you 谢谢你 knife 刀 chopstick(s) 筷子（复数） spoon 勺子 plate 盘子 fork 叉子 help 帮助；帮忙 pass 传递 ready 准备好了 try 常识；试一下 help yourself 随便吃 show 展示 yummy 好吃的 food 食物 use 使用 chicken 鸡肉 fish 鱼 Unit 6family 家庭 parents 父母 uncle 叔叔；舅舅 aunt 姑姑；婶；姨 baby 婴儿 people 人 member 成员 only 只有；仅仅 puppy 小狗 gee 用以表示惊奇、赞赏 come 来 who 谁 sister 姐妹 brother 兄弟 father 父亲；爸爸 baseball player 棒球运动员 driver 司机 doctor 医生 farmer 农民 nuese 护士 look 看上去；看；瞧 young 年轻的

芝士蛋堡 Fort cheese eggs 猪柳蛋堡 Liu Fort pig eggs 田园脆鸡堡 crispy chicken Fort pastoral 田园脆鸡堡加蛋 pastoral crispy chicken eggs plus fort 海鲜蛋花粥 Danhua seafood soup 香菇鸡肉粥 chicken and mushroom soup 枸杞南瓜粥 Chinese wolfberry pumpkin soup 鸡蛋肉松卷Dried egg roll 鸡蛋猪柳卷egg roll Liu pig 鲜虾鸡蛋卷 shrimp egg roll 港式奶茶 Hong Kong-style milk tea 都乐橙汁饮料 Dole orange juice drink 纯牛奶Pure milk 香脆薯棒 Crispy potato sticks 芝士蛋堡餐 Fort cheese eggs meal 猪柳蛋堡餐 Pig Liudanbaocan 田园脆鸡堡餐 Pastoral Cuijibaocan 田园脆鸡堡加蛋餐 Crispy chicken pastoral Baojiadancan 早餐鸡蛋卷餐 Breakfast egg roll meal xtra-Tasty Crispy Burger Combo 辣堡套 New Orleans Burger Combo 奥堡套 Mexican Twister Combo 墨卷套 Dragon Twister Combo 老北套 Mini Burger Combo 田原套 Hot Wing Combo 辣翅套 New Orleans Roasted Wing Combo 烤翅套 Original Recipe 原味鸡 New Orleans Roasted Wing 烤翅 Popcorn Chicken 鸡米花 Nugget 上校鸡块 Corn Salad 玉米色拉 Egg & Vegetable Soup 芙蓉汤 Oinner Roll 餐包 Corn-on-the-cub 玉米棒 Mashed Pototo 土豆泥 KFC Menu 美食天地Meal 特色主食新奥尔良烤鸡腿堡 New Orleans Roasted Burger劲脆鸡腿堡 Extra tasty crispy burger 香辣鸡腿堡 Zinger Burger田园脆鸡堡 Mini Burger深海鳕鱼堡 Cod Fish Burger至真七虾堡 Shrimp Burger老北京鸡肉卷 Dragon Twister墨西哥鸡肉卷 Mexican Twister川辣嫩牛五方 Beef WrapSide Item 精选配餐 玉米沙拉 Corn Salad薯条 French Fries (L/M/S)土豆泥 Mashed Potato 芙蓉鲜蔬汤 Egg & Vegetable Soup香甜栗米棒 Corn-on-the-Cob胡萝卜餐包 Dinner RollBucket 桶类产品 Bucket 外带全家桶Snack 美味小吃吮指原味鸡 Original Recipe香辣鸡翅 Hot Wing新奥尔良烤翅 New Orleans Roasted Wing 劲爆鸡米花 Popcorn Chicken上校鸡块 Nugget深海鳕鱼条 Cod Fish FingerSet Meal 蔬果搭配餐New Orleans Roasted Burger 新奥尔良烤腿堡餐Extra tasty crispy burger/Zinger Burger Combo劲脆鸡腿堡/香辣鸡腿堡餐Dragon Twister/Mexican Twister Combo 老北京鸡肉卷/墨西哥鸡肉卷餐Cod Fish Burger Combo 深海鳕鱼堡餐Shrimp Burger Combo 至真七虾堡餐 Beef Wrap Combo 川辣嫩牛五方餐 Hot Wing Combo 香辣鸡翅餐New Orleans Roasted Wing Combo 新奥尔良烤翅餐Dessert and Drink 甜品和饮料Ice Cream Cone 脆皮甜筒 Strawberry/Chocolate Sundae 圣代（草莓/巧克力）Egg Tart 蛋挞Icecream Float-Coffee/Float-Irish Coffee 雪顶咖啡/雪顶爱尔兰咖啡8 Beauties 八娇（混合）果汁饮料9 Lives 九珍（混合）果汁饮料Grass Jelly Milk Tea 仙草奶茶Pepsi Cola 百事可乐 7UP 七喜Mirinda 美年达Nestea 雀巢冰爽茶Lemonade 柠乐Citron Tea 香柚蜂蜜茶Hot Milk 牛奶（热）Milo 美禄Coffee 经典咖啡black tea 红茶 Milk tea 经典奶茶 Nestea C+ Orange 热橙C Breakfast 营养早餐Bacon Egg Flaky Pastry 培根蛋法风烧饼Smoked Chicken Flaky Pastry 熏鸡法风烧饼Egg Burger with Cheese 芝士蛋堡Pork Sausage Burger 猪柳蛋堡【田园脆鸡堡、田园脆鸡堡加蛋、香辣鸡腿堡、劲脆鸡腿堡、皮蛋瘦肉粥、香菇鸡肉粥、牛肉蛋花粥、安心油条、胡萝卜餐包、香脆薯棒、芙蓉鲜蔬糖、脆皮甜筒、.........】Kid"s Meal 快乐儿童餐Kid"s meal A/B/C/D 快乐儿童餐A/B/C/D

[code]## 本脚本是一个辅助你开发 LWP & HTML::TreeBuilder 应用的# 工具。使用它可以轻易地搜寻到你所要分析的 HTML 页面元素# 的路径，并且自动生成代码。因此你无须仔细地分析 HTML 页# 面便可以精确地定位页面元素的位置。#use strict;use warnings;use HTML::TreeBuilder;use Win32::Clipboard;use Data::Dumper;use LWP;my $url = shift;our $url_or_file = "X";our $tree = new HTML::TreeBuilder();our $ua = new LWP::UserAgent;our $html;if ( $url ){ if ( -r $url ){ $tree->parse_file( $url ); $url_or_file = "file"; } else{ &geturl( $url ); }}my $keyword = shift;if ( $keyword ){ &work( $keyword ); exit 1;}my $prompt = "输入一个关键字或者执行一个命令，输入 "/help" 查看帮助： ";$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = &my_filter;print $prompt;while(<>){ print " "; chomp; next unless $_; if ( $_ eq "/help" ){ print "/help : 查看本文本/saveto <file name> : 保存刚刚下载到的页面到文件/get <url> : 再次获取一个新的 URL/open <file name> : 打开分析磁盘上的文件/newperl <file name> : 生成一个新的 LWP 应用框架"; } elsif ( $_ =~ m{^/saveto} ){ if ( $" =~ /^s+(S+)/ ){ &saveto( $1 ); } else{ print "用法：/saveto <file name>, 缺少文件名 "; } next; } elsif( $_ =~ m{^/get} ){ if ( $" =~ /^s+(S+)/ ){ &geturl( $1 ); } else{ print "用法：/get <url>, 缺少 URL "; } next; } elsif( $_ =~ m{^/open} ){ if ( $" =~ /^s+(S+)/ ){ &getfile( $1 ); } else{ print "用法：/open <file name>, 缺少文件名 "; } next; } elsif( $_ =~ m{^/newperl} ){ if ( $" =~ /^s+(S+)/ ){ &newperl( $1 ); } else{ print "用法：/newperl <file name>, 缺少文件名 "; } next; } else{ if ( $url_or_file eq "X" ){ print "你必须先执行一下 /open 命令或者 /get 命令。 "; next; } &work( $_ ); }}continue{ print " "x2; print $prompt;}exit 1;sub saveto($){ my $fileName = shift; if ( $url_or_file ne "url" ){ print "当前正在处理的不是 URL "; } else{ if( open FH, ">$fileName" ){ print FH $html; close FH; print "已经保存到 $fileName "; } else{ print "创建文件失败! "; } }}sub geturl($){ my $url = shift; print "正在联系 Web 服务器…… "; my $res = $ua->get( $url ); print "收到回应，正在解析……"; unless ( $res->is_success ){ print "请求失败！[", $res->status_line, "] "; return; } $html = $res->content; $url_or_file = "url"; $tree->parse( $html ); print "解析完毕 ";}sub getfile($){ my $fileName = shift; unless ( -r $fileName ){ print "文件不可读 "; return; } $tree->parse_file( $fileName ) or print "无法解析文件。 $! "; $url_or_file = "file";}sub newperl($){ my $fileName = shift; local $/; my $str = <DATA>; if( open FH, ">$fileName" ){ print FH $str; close FH; print "已经保存到 $fileName "; } else{ print "创建文件失败! "; }}sub work($){ my $keyword = shift; my @result = (); &findText( @result, $tree, $keyword, "->" ); if ( @result == 1 ){ print "找到了: "$result[0]->{text}", 它的位置是: $tree->$result[0]->{path} "; print " 再没有更多的结果了。 "; my $ret = &check_it( $result[0] ); if ( $ret eq "ok" ){ return; } } else{ print "找到了很多匹配“$keyword”的字符串，下面挨个儿辨认一下。 "; foreach my $item (@result){ my $ret = &check_it( $item ); if ( $ret eq "ok" ){ return; } print " "x3; print "-"x60, " "; print "看来不是这个，那就接着看下一个搜索结果。 "; } } print " "x3; print "奇怪了，怎么会没有呢？你确定你没有看错？哈哈！肯定是你摁错键了！ ";}sub check_it{ my $item = shift; my $path = $item->{path}; while(1){ last unless ( $path =~ s/(([d+?])|({[^{}]+?}))$// ); print "-"x60, " "; eval "print $tree$path->as_HTML()"; eval "print Dumper $tree$path"; }continue{ print "-"x60, " "; print "是这个吗？是(Y)/不是(N)，看不清楚的话，请直接按回车放大再看。"; my $input = <STDIN>; chomp $input; if ( $input =~ /^Y$/i ){ my $clip = Win32::Clipboard(); $clip->Set( "$tree$item->{path}" ); print " "x2; print "已经将路径放入 windows 剪切板。 "; print " "x2; return "ok"; } elsif( $input =~ /^N$/i ){ last; } } return "not";}sub findText($$$$){ my ( $result, $node, $keyword, $path ) = @_; return undef unless defined $node; my $type = ref $node; if ( $type ){ if ( $type !~ /^(SCALAR|ARRAY|HASH|)$/ ){ "$node" =~ /=(w+)/; $type = $1; } if ( $type eq "HASH" ){ for my $key ( keys %$node ){ next if $key eq "_parent"; next if $key eq "_body"; # ???? &findText( $result, $node->{$key}, $keyword, $path . "{$key}" ); } } elsif( $type eq "ARRAY" ){ for my $index ( 0..$#$node ){ &findText( $result, $node->[$index], $keyword, $path . "[$index]" ); } } elsif( $type eq "SCALAR" ){ &findText( $result, $$node, $keyword, $path ); } } else{ if ( index( $node, $keyword ) != -1 ){ push @$result, { "path" => $path, "text" => $node }; } } return undef;}sub my_filter { my $hash = shift; return [ grep { $_ ne "_parent" } keys %$hash ];}__DATA__use strict;use warnings;use Data::Dumper;use LWP;use HTML::TreeBuilder;my $tree = new HTML::TreeBuilder;my $ua = new LWP::UserAgent;my $res = $ua->get( "__URL__" );my $html = $res->content;$tree->parse( $html );$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = &my_filter;print $tree->{_content}[1]{_content}[$j]{_content}[2]{_content}[$i]{_content}[1]{_content}[0]{href};sub my_filter { my $hash = shift; return [ grep { $_ ne "_parent" } keys %$hash ];}[/code]

【 #英语资源# 导语】购物对于很多人来说是一件很愉快的事情，以下是 整理的内容，希望对您有所帮助。 1.有关购物的英语作文 　　Today, my father took my brother and me to "Wal Mart" to shop. There are many new and fresh things, such as daily necessities, furniture, computers, televisions, DVDs, influence, bowls, chopsticks, spoons and toys. There are a lot of things. Everything on the shelf is complete and neat. 　　At this time, my younger brother had gone to the "toy city" far away, where hundreds of toys dazzled my younger brother. My brother and I were picking up toys. My father called out, "Wait for me at the toll counter. Rongrong, take care of my brother. Don"t make trouble. During this time, you can pick a toy at will and I will come back to pay for it." "Yes." I said to my father with a serious look. After Dad left. My brother and I were discussing what to buy. My brother said, "Shall we buy a four-wheel drive car, brother?" "Good idea." I chose a car named "White Spider", but others always think that the white spider is called the Spider King Zebra. I think the name people often say is not as good as my name. My brother"s four-wheel drive car is called "Black Giant". The four-wheel drive car of my brother and I looks very fast. The appearance of my car and my brother"s car is very strange. The tail wing of my car seems to be a "variable tail". My brother"s car looks like a defensive car. Very special. When my brother and I were satisfied, we waited for Dad at the toll counter. When my father came back, my brother and I showed him the toys. Dad said, "You are really picky and have good taste." My brother and I said, "Where is where?" 　　Then we"ll pay. 　　At last we went home. 2.有关购物的英语作文 　　With the development of Internet, more and more people tend to shop on the Internet. Online shopping has provided some benefits for us, but it also has some disadvantages at the same time. 　　For one thing, online shopping has brought some convenience for consumers. Instead of going one shop to another, people can choose and buy all kinds of commodities they like as long as they click the mouse gently. This is not only a better choice for the old who do not have enough energy to go outside but also a great convenience for those who have no time to go shopping in person. 　　In addition, consumers have more choices and can do some comparison when they are shopping on the Internet. They can glance over various commodities in all shapes, sizes and colors and decided to buy or not. Furthermore, online shopping has made a great contribution to the development of express delivery industry. 3.有关购物的英语作文 　　Today is a memorable day, because my parents took me to buy new summer clothes in the morning. 　　Early in the morning, I asked my mother, "When will you buy me new summer clothes?" Mother smiled and said, "After breakfast." I jumped and jumped with joy. 　　Finally, I arrived at the mall! I took their hands and ran to the store. We first went to the place where we sold shoes. Wow! There are so many sandals here! They are all so beautiful. I took a general look at it first. At the same time, I felt that my eyes were not enough. Suddenly I found a pair of flesh colored sandals. I thought they would look good on me. I begged my mother, and she said yes, and I began to try it on. Alas, my feet are too thin to wear. It"s a pity! Only to see other sandals. 　　Suddenly, I saw a pair of leopard print sandals, and I fell in love with them. But my mother said the sandals were not bright at all. Mom means that the color of this pair of leopard print sandals should be changed to another color, which is not beautiful at all. Even his father, who had been silent for a long time, said, "Yes, you can go and see something else." This pair of shoes can only be waved away from me! 　　As I walked, my mother suddenly saw a pair of white sandals that were white, bright and beautiful, and said to me: "Dongdong, do you like those white sandals?" I said, "Generally, I prefer flesh colored sandals." 　　Mother said: "Only this pair of white leather sandals can be seen." So my mother bought it. 　　Then, we went to the third floor. I looked after a skirt. My mother said that we could buy it, but we had to wait until the exam was over. I nodded. After a while, I bought my coat and trousers. I looked carefully and found that they were all my favorites. So I hopped home again and again. 　　I"m so happy today! 4.有关购物的英语作文 　　Today, my mother gave me a problem. She asked me to complete the shopping list alone. 　　The sky is especially blue in autumn, and the carrier pigeon above my head seems to be cheering me on. I walked briskly and jumped. Suddenly, I stopped to read the list carefully: pork, soy sauce, ginger, and my favorite snacks. After reading, my mood fell to a low point and I thought: Hey! Mom! Don"t you mean to embarrass me? Snacks are OK, I"m inexperienced in other things! The supermarket was crowded at the weekend, so I came to the meat and poultry area. I didn"t hurry to open my mouth. First, I looked at the price tag. The more I looked at the meat of the front leg, the back leg, the loin, and the streaky pork, the worse I felt. I thought: pork is sold in such a variety! My heart was like a drum, so I got up the courage to ask the salesman uncle: "Uncle, half a kilo of pork." As expected, my uncle saw me and asked me strangely, "What meat do you want?" This confused me. I can"t say anything. The uncle then said, "How can I eat it for lunch?" I suddenly remembered that my mother told me to cook braised pork with brown sauce in the morning, so I shouted out: "Braised pork with brown sauce." Uncle said: "Then use pork, good class, half a kilo of pork." I took the heavy meat and thought with one breath: Yeah, the first problem is solved. 　　Next, I came to the seasoning area and looked at all kinds of soy sauce brands. I carefully observed the introduction of the price tag. It turned out that soy sauce was divided into raw soy sauce and old soy sauce. I asked the salesperson aunt about the difference between them. After her brief introduction, I understood that raw soy sauce was used for cold dressing, and old soy sauce was used for cooking. I was so impressed that my mother should have old soy sauce for braised pork at noon. So I chose a promotional bottle. 5.有关购物的英语作文 　　There are many firsts in life, such as washing dishes for the first time, going to school for the first time, etc. Thinking about my first shopping is really a stressful and exciting thing. 　　Today, when my mother and I were going home, I was passing by the small supermarket in the yard. I suddenly wanted to buy some school supplies. So I asked my mother to buy them by myself. Mom thought about it and nodded. 　　I took the 50 yuan that my mother gave me and walked to the supermarket door. I was thinking about buying notebooks, pencils, erasers, rulers and pencil bags. Afraid of forgetting something, I was very nervous. When I opened the door curtain, I saw a wide variety of goods. I was dazzled by the delicious bread, beautiful Barbie dolls, red apples and so on. I came to the stationery section to find what I needed to buy. I selected five new Wenhai exercise books, pencils, erasers and rulers with princess designs, but there are many patterns of pencil bags and I like them very much. I don"t know which one to choose. I thought it would be great if I could buy all of them! Then I can use one a day. Looking at the 50 yuan in my hand, I felt that I was really fantastic. So I chose a pencil case with bright color, beautiful design and fine workmanship. I took the selected things to pay. I saw a long queue at the cash register, just like a winding dragon. After waiting for about 10 minutes, it was my turn. I put all my things on the cash register. The aunt of the cashier scanned the yard one by one and said, "42 yuan in total." I gave my aunt 50 yuan, and she gave me 8 yuan. I figured it out and found 8 yuan, so she ran out excitedly with her purchase. 　　Mom saw the things in my bag and asked me excitedly, "Did you buy this?" I nodded proudly. Mom said, "You are so good that you can buy things by yourself." I am also very excited, because this is my first time shopping. 6.有关购物的英语作文 　　Today, I ran out of paper at home. My mother asked me to buy it by myself. I often go to the supermarket with my mother, but it"s the first time to go shopping alone. It"s really nervous and exciting. 　　My mother sent me to Carrefour Supermarket and said to me, "Here is 50 yuan. Except for three packs of paper, you can buy some useful things by yourself. Don"t forget to settle the bill. If you buy too much, the supermarket won"t let you go." I took my mother"s advice and walked into the supermarket. 　　There are so many people in Carrefour today! A variety of goods dazzle me. I found the shelf selling paper reels very smoothly. I took three packs of paper reels. I calculated that one pack was 5.9 yuan, three packs was 17.7 yuan, and I still had 32.3 yuan left. Mom said that the rest of the money let me buy something useful. What should I buy? By the way, the weather is getting colder now. Mom has to wash the dishes every day. Buy her a pair of leather gloves so that she won"t freeze when she washes. With the help of the supermarket aunt, I chose an eight yuan pair. 　　After buying gloves, I continued to walk around the supermarket, hoping to help my mother find the things she bought. What can I buy for my father? I saw a lot of goods along the way, either the price was too expensive, or I was afraid it would not suit my father"s wishes. What would I buy? As soon as my father got home, he took his teapot in his arms and left it. He must like tea best. I walked quickly to the shelf selling tea. I was dumbfounded when I saw the price of tea. Why the bitter and astringent leaves are so expensive? I don"t understand how adults like to drink this one. I picked a small bag and looked at the price above. It"s OK. I"m not afraid of being left to work. I took the things I selected and went to the cash register to settle the bill. The paper price was 17.7 yuan, gloves 8 yuan, and tea 22 yuan. I was given 2.3 yuan, which was the same as what I calculated on the receipt. 　　I found my mother waiting for me at the door with the things I picked up. When my mother saw that none of the things I bought were for her, she hugged me happily and I felt that I had grown up. 7.有关购物的英语作文 　　On Saturday morning, my mother said to me, "Today, we are going to buy hairpins, thermos cups and small goldfish." I nodded and ran to the supermarket. 　　As soon as I entered the "Big Times" supermarket, I could see the counter selling cards. Let me take a closer look. Wow! There are so many cards in front of me. I asked my aunt to show me the hair card. I felt that all the hair cards I wore were beautiful. What should I do? At last, I selected my favorite hairpin by eliminating it, which is really great! 　　I went to the place where I sold thermos cups again. I saw two cups at a glance. What can I do? I asked my aunt, and she said, "Each cup has its own advantages and disadvantages. Which do you want?" I thought it over, right! What aunt said was reasonable. I chose the most lovely cup from it. I was very happy! 　　The last task is to buy a small goldfish! The little goldfish is a very cute animal! I went to the place where small goldfish were sold, and I saw four of them. But a new problem has occurred. It is very, very difficult to bargain with my aunt. My aunt said one yuan for three items, and I said one yuan for four items. What can I do? But I still got up my courage and shouted, "That"s it! It"s settled!" My aunt really couldn"t say anything about me, so she had to give me all four small goldfish at the price of one yuan and four. Ha ha, I can do it! 　　After buying these, I had nothing to do and walked around the supermarket like a caterpillar or a loach. In this huge crowd, in this bustling supermarket, I can"t help walking forward with the crowd, as if I were in the midst of a noisy ocean. 　　Look! The commodities in the supermarket are all holding their chests and heads up. They are like soldiers guarding the supermarket. How beautiful! 　　Ah! It"s time to go home! With this harvest in my arms, I hopped home. Although I only bought three things today, I am still very happy, because this is the first time that I shop by myself! 8.有关购物的英语作文 　　This weekend, the teacher gave us an assignment to go shopping in the supermarket alone. When I got home, I told my mother about it. My mother told me what I needed at home and asked me to make a shopping plan. After finishing the list quickly, I went to the supermarket with 100 yuan given by my mother. 　　As soon as I entered the supermarket, I saw a huge crowd of people in it. There were neat goods on the price, and they were classified according to their purposes. I was going to buy vegetables first, but I still couldn"t find a place to sell vegetables. I went to ask my aunt, the waiter in the supermarket. She pointed to me, and I quickly ran by. I went directly to buy toothpaste, toothbrush and shower gel. I was familiar with the places where I bought these things, because then I picked up the vegetables I needed, put them in the shopping cart, and then stood in line at t

Astronomy is the subject with ancient one, it is born in human production campaign practice. Before tracing back A.D. before 30 century, in the thing of inscriptions on bone of Yin Shang Shi rich star elephant notes matter. In spring and autumn war country period, our ancestors work have special star elephant study monograph " willingly stone star go through ", early before 16 century the star elephant observation of China far away is in the lead in other nations reach fairly accurate level. The astronomers of Chinese ancient times, if fall to take off Hong , weighing apparatus, Zu Chong Zhi and , Shen Kuo , Guo guard respect etc. create have astronomical observation instrument, observe star elephant, measure day month sport and the meridian of the earth, create and have revised " big tomorrow all previous " , " big Yan all previous " , the etc. calendar " when giving , it is all previous ".The astronomy of Chinese ancient times includes 4 parts mainly, calendar, the record of astronomical phenomena, astronomical instrument production and universe are theoretical. Chinese ancient calendar will divide into 24 section airs for a year, it is established by the solar operation law between south tropic of cancer and the equator. The ancients has established a lot of calendars, have gone on repeatedly improve , have reached very consummate level.The Chinese ancient record for astronomical phenomena is very detailed. For solar observation, it is very careful, for more than 2000 years former to have the detailed record for sunspot. The record for solar eclipse is world on most complete reach 1000 times, and for rising to stop, time location has definite record. Pass detailed classfication for comet according to its shape, the notes matter of meteor shower reaches one hundred and eighty times , make for large-scale meteor shower very brilliant record and narrate , Chinese is to know most early that aerolite is the nation that falls from day. China has carried out rich and systematic record for new star, this is unique on world. The Chinese ancient record for astronomical phenomena carries out astronomical research for modern person, have important reference value. Chinese production passes , is a lot of to be seems being the most advanced astronomical observation instrument at that time. It is most famous to have the armillary sphere of the production of weighing apparatus. The view of Chinese about universe divides into 3 kinds approximately: A kind of think for day is round , land is , if cover as umbrella in day in on the ground. Second kind thinks that day is spherical, land like yolk in among. The kind of 3th thinks that universe is infinite , does not have solid celestial sphere, it is very valuable that this come at that time to see.In a word our ancestors pass for nature explore , have created bright astronomy culture to future generations and have left valuable astronomy legacy. The power of astronomy development is that people inquire for that scout without the unknown thing in the sky of side , I always look up at that all over the sky numerous star with sacred mood , have filled with infinite profound mystery there, it arouse people for unknown world infinite Xia think , arouse our impulse for unknown world that explored.Astronomy and astronomy are that I"s most likes , are also the part of my life. This is just me anxiously Qi the reason of wishing to attend this time campaign. 回答者：lsvera - 童生 一级 3-16 13:55Astronomy is one of the oldest disciplines, it was born in the practice of human activities. Dating back to 2500 of 30 centuries ago, when the Shang Oracle objects, the images are already rich notebook. Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, our ancestors with a special dedicated to Astrology "Gan Shi Xing Jing". Back in the 16th century ago, Chinese astrology observation far ahead of other nations to achieve a considerable degree of precision. Ancient Chinese astronomers, who ended a red herring, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, his party, Shen Kuo, such as creation of Guo Shou astronomical observation device. observing stars, the moon and measuring radial movement and the Earth, creating the revision of the "Ming Li," "The Great Mayor Li" "delegated calendar," Calendar. The ancient Chinese astronomy, including the four main components, namely, the calendars Sky records, and astronomical instruments to create the universe theory. Ancient Chinese calendar will be divided into 24 year ago. It is the solar equator and the Tropic of Cancer in the South"s operating rules. Many ancient calendars were formulated, a number of improvements to achieve a very superior standard. Very detailed records of the ancient Chinese Theater. Very meticulous observations of the sun, more than 2,000 Nianqianjiuyou detailed records of sunspots. Eclipse of the world"s most complete record of as much as 1,000 times, but periods of time position has a clear record. According to the shape of comets conducted detailed breakdown of the meteor shower record 180 times. a massive meteor shower of brilliant records, the Chinese people are the first to realize that the national meteorite dropped from the sky. Chinese star of the rich and the records system, which is unique in the world. Ancient Chinese Theater on the modern record of important reference value for astronomical research. Many Chinese manufacturers appear to be the most advanced astronomical observatories in the apparatus. Zhang Heng, such as the manufacture of the most famous train. Chinese views of the universe that day roughly divided into three categories : one is round and the earth square, the same day as umbrellas covered the ground. The second category is that the ball of the day, to as egg yolks in the middle. The third category believe that the universe is infinite, and there was no solid celestial sphere, in view of the time is very valuable. In short, our ancestors through the exploration of nature, created the splendid culture of astronomy. Astronomy has left a valuable legacy to future generations. Astronomical the motive force of development, it is the boundless sky of the probe of the unknown. I always look up to : the sky full of stars is a sacred heart, which is full of endless mystery It reminds people to the unknown world of unlimited Daydream, and our impulse to explore the unknown world. . Astronomy and astronomy is my favorite part of my life. This is my fervent hope that the reasons for participating in this event.

Social practices : American social customs general characteristics can be summarized in the following words :美国宾客善交道，平易近人含微笑；American guests good dealings with a smile and approachable;热情好客有传统，待人接物讲礼貌；Traditional hospitality, courteous attitude;性格浪漫喜新奇，开朗大方不单调；Hi romantic novel character, cheerful generosity is not monotone;自由随便无拘束，彼比从不互客套；Liberal unfettered bigger than never out of each other;坦率诚挚爱直言，不愿与人搞弯绕。Frank and sincere love respect and is unwilling to engage in bending around.在生活细节上有如下特点：In life, there are the following characteristics :美国人性格浪漫、为人诚挚。Americans romantic character, sincere people. 他们在与互不相识的人交际时，贯于实事求是、坦率直言。Communication with people they did not know each other, consistent in seeking truth from facts, speak up. 即使是自我介绍时，他们也喜欢对自己的情况据实说出，愈真实愈好。Even self-introduction, they like to say the name of their situation, the more real the better. 对那些谦虚、客套的表白是看不习惯的。For those humble, courteous conversation is not used to see. 过份的客套对他们来说是一种无能的表现；过头的谦虚可能会被他们误认为你心怀鬼胎。Too courteous to them is an incompetent performance; Too much emphasis may be modest and they mistakenly believe that you took. 仓促产在公共场所就座时，一般都让长者和妇女坐在右边；走路要让长者和妇女走在右边。Rush production table in a public place, usually sitting on the right side of the elderly and women; Walk at the right to let the elderly and women. 他们以好客著称，为了表示友好，使客人感到随便，不拘束，他们一般乐于在自己家里宴请客人，而不习惯在餐馆请客。They claim to hospitality, in order to be friendly, casual visitors are not binding. They generally happy dinner guests in their own homes, rather than customary in the restaurant guests. 他们很健谈，喜欢边谈边用手势手划；彼此间乐于保持一定的距离，一般以50公分左右间距为好。They very talkative, and talks like a hand gesture; Keen to maintain a certain distance from each other. for the general good spacing to 50 centimeters. 他们行动喜欢自由自在，不受约束。They like freedom of action without restriction. 惯于晚睡晚起，有拖拖拉拉的习惯。Used windows started lying, and the habit of procrastination. 请美国人用餐，他们一般是不提前到达的，而是准时或迟到5至15分钟。Please American meal, they generally do not arrive early, late or on time but five to fifteen minutes.美国人昵爱白色，认为白色是纯洁的象征；偏爱黄色，认为是和谐的象征；喜欢蓝色和红色，认为是吉祥如意的象征。ENGLISH love white Americans that white is a symbol of purity; Amber preference that is a symbol of harmony; Like blue and red. that is lucky symbol. 他们喜欢白猫，认为白猫可以给人带来运气。They like the cat that cat can bring luck.美国人欣赏白头鹰。Americans appreciate the bald eagle. 认为它威武强悍，人们把它敬为国鸟，并以它作为国徽的图案。It mighty tough, it is respect for people"s national bird, and as the national emblem designs. 其解释为：顶冠象征美国是一个主权国家；分握橄榄枝与箭的两爪象征和平与武力；嘴叨黄带，上书“合众为一”表示美利坚合众国由多州组成。Its crown as the top : The United States is a symbol of a sovereign state. Liangzhao holding an olive branch and arrows symbol of the breakdown of peace and the use of force. Huang mouth gripping reading : "UCO as a" expressed by a number of states comprising the United States of America. 他们比较怕热，夏天乐于在空调的房间内就餐。They are more afraid of the heat, air-conditioned room in the summer of happy meals. 喜欢简明而又富有生机的图案，如：梅、兰、牡丹等。Like concise and dynamic designs, such as : the United States, New Zealand, such as peonies.美国人与客人见面时，一般都以握手为礼。Americans meet with the guests, usually for a handshake ceremony. 他们习惯手要握得紧，眼要正视对方，微弓身。They used a strong hand to shake, to address each other"s eyes, bend my back and my Micro. 认为这样才算是礼貌的举止。That is a courtesy that the moves. 一般同女人握手美国人都喜欢斯文。Americans like gentle shake hands with women in general.社交礼仪:美国人在社交场合与客人握手时，还有这样一些习惯和规矩：如果两人是异性，要待女性先伸出手后，男性再伸手相握；如果是同性，通常应年长人先伸手给年轻人，地位高的伸手给地位低的，主人伸手给客人。Social etiquette : Americans shook hands with the guests at social occasions, and that there are some common rule : if two people are members of the opposite sex. Female first to extend a helping hand to you after the hand shake hands with another male; If homosexual normally be asking for the young people get older, asking for the status of low-status, the owner asking for the guests. 他们另外一种礼节是亲吻礼。Another is a courtesy that they kissed ceremony. 这是在彼此关系很熟的情况下施的一种礼节。This is very familiar with the situation in the relations between the implementation of a courtesy.美国人和拉丁族人不一样，他们的性格更为内敛，尤其是陌生人之间，一见面的话题其实很少，只有顺利渡过开场白这一关，才会有更多的话题。Latin Americans, and people do not like their character more subdued, especially among strangers. In fact, the topic rarely met, only weathered opening of the community will have more of the town. 但是很多外国人不了解美国人交往的特点，要不就是觉得美国人智商有问题，要不就是被美国人误认为粗鲁无礼，结果无法进行更深入的交流。But many foreigners do not understand the characteristics of contacts between Americans, we should feel that the Americans have IQ, Americans mistakenly believe that the job is being taken as rudeness, not to conduct more in-depth exchanges. 但要怎么做才合适呢？But how do appropriate?初次见面，当然是要握手寒暄。Our first meeting, of course, to shake hands and exchange greetings. 这个寒暄，在英语里就叫small talk。The pleasantries, in English called small talk. 寒暄的目的，就是为了打破僵局(Break the ice)，让双方增进了解，寻找共同话题。Pleasantries The aim is to break the deadlock (Break the ice) so that the two sides enhance mutual understanding, find a common topic. 但是和其他地方的人一样，美国人也有友好的，不友好的，有乐意和你多聊聊的，有正烦着，不想多谈的。But, like other places, and that Americans have a friendly, unfriendly, and you are ready to chat, there is a trouble. do not want to talk about. 因此，学会从对方的回答中看出他/她的友好程度，才能知进知退，百战不殆。Therefore, the answer to learn from each other to see his / her friendship level, we can know the knowledge into retreating military is invincible.和美国人作生意，要注意美国的商务礼俗和美国社会的一些习俗。Americans do business and to the attention of the American Business Etiquette in American society and custom. 美国人不象英国人那样总要衣冠楚楚，而是不大讲究穿戴。Americans are not always dressed like Britain, but wearing very articulate. 他们穿衣以宽大舒适为原则，自己爱穿什么就穿什么。They wear comfortable with the principle of clemency, what on what to wear their own easily. 别人是不会议论或讥笑的。The others are not statements or taunts. 春秋季，美国人一般下身着长裤，上身在衬衣外面再穿一件毛衣或夹克，宽松舒适，无拘无束。Spring and autumn, Americans generally under wearing trousers, a shirt in the upper outside then going through a sweater or jacket, relaxed and comfortable, nothing. 夏天里穿短裤和着短裙者大有人在。Summer wear shorts and mini skirts with examples. 在旅游或海滨城市，男的穿游泳裤，女的着三点式游泳衣，再披上一块浴巾，就可以逛大街或下饭馆了。In terms of tourism or coastal city, the men wearing suit, a three-woman swimming suit, and then put a piece bath towel. Guangdaijie on or under a restaurant. 但正式场合，美国人就比较讲究礼节了。But formal occasions, the Americans are more meticulous and courtesy.接见时，要讲究服饰，注意整洁，穿着西装较好，特别是鞋要擦亮，手指甲要清洁。Meeting, dress should be paid attention to cleanliness, wearing suits better, especially to polish shoes, and fingernails to clean up. 美国商人较少握手，即使是初次见面，也不一定非先握手不可，时常是点头微笑致意，礼貌地打招呼就行了。American businessman less handshake, even if this is our first meeting, is not necessarily non-first handshake, nod and smile often presents courtesy greetings on the list. 男士握女士的手要斯文，不可用力。Ms. men shook hands to Sven, not forced. 如果女士无握手之意，男士不要主动伸手，除非女士主动。If the President means no handshake, the men not to take the initiative in asking for, unless President initiative. 握手时不能用双手。Can not shake hands with their own hands. 上下级之间，上级先伸手握手。Thus, between superiors first hand handshake. 长幼之间，长者先伸手握手。Ages between first hand to shake hands with the elderly. 主宾之间，主人先伸手。Among the principal guests, the master first hand. 男性之间，最忌互相攀肩搭臂。Men between the shoulders As long climb up each other arm. 美国人谈话时不喜欢双方离得太近，惯于两人的身体保持一定的距离。Americans do not like to talk from the two sides are too close, they are used to maintain a certain distance from the body. 一般应保持120~150厘米之间，最少也不得小于50厘米。Between 120-150 cm should be maintained, at least not less than 50 cm.在美国，12岁以上的男子有享有;先生;的称号，但多数美国人不爱用先生、夫人、小姐、女士之类的称呼，认为哪样做太郑重其事了。In the United States, men over the age of 12 are entitled to; ; The title, but most Americans do not like to use, his wife, Miss Ms. such terms, saying that the far too earnest. 他们喜欢别人直接叫自己的名字，并视为这是亲切友好的表示。They want to directly ask their names, and said as it is cordial and friendly. 美国人很少用正式的头衔来称呼别人。Americans rarely use the formal title to refer others.正式头衔一般只用于法官、军管、医生、教授、宗教界领袖等人物 。Judges generally only for the official title of military control, doctors, professors, religious leaders and other figures. 尤其是行政职务。Particularly administrative positions. 美国人从来不以此来称呼,如***局长、***经理.美国海关的人员总把"请;和"谢谢;挂在嘴上，请你打开箱子、请你把护照拿出来、检查完毕时，还会说;祝你旅途愉快;或;今天天气真好;等客套话。Americans have not learned to refer, for example *** *** manager. United States Customs officers always "Please; and "Thank you; They paid lip service, you open the box, you show your passport and, after inspection, will say; I wish you a pleasant journey; or; Today the glorious weather; such kind words.美国的女店员和餐馆女侍们讲出的话，使人大有宾至如归之感，即使你一文不花，她们仍是满面堆笑，临走时还笑盈盈地说谢谢你的光临，希望下次再来。American female store and the restaurant waitress and hostesses say, people feel very welcome, even if you are not one flower, They are still looking Zuixiao, they are also smiling to say thank you for coming, hoping for another.公私单位访问前，必须先订约会，最好好在即将抵达时，先通个电话告知。Public, private visit, they must first set date, the imminent arrival of the best Fortunately, this first telephone links. 美国人热情好客，那把仅仅相识一分钟，你就有可能被邀请去看戏、吃饭或出外旅游。Americans are warm and hospitable, put simply displayed a minute, you may be invited 1985Mister, mister, food or travel. 但一星期之后，这位朋友很可能把你忘得一干二净。But a week later, my friend is very likely that you have completely forgotten. 到美国人家去登门拜访，冒然登门是失礼的，必须事先做好约定．Go to the United States to visit people ventured door is impolite, it must first do an agreement. 就是给亲朋好友送礼，如果他们事先不知道的话，也不要直接敲门，最好把礼物放在他家门口，然后再通知他自己去取。Gifts to relatives and friends is that if they had not, then do not direct knock on the door, desirable gift on his door and then informed him to pick up.应邀去美国人家中作客或参加宴会，最好给主人带上一些小礼品，如化妆品、儿童玩具、本国特产或烟酒之类。Americans guest was invited to attend the banquet or, preferably owners to put some small gifts, such as cosmetics, children"s toys, tobacco product or its like. 对家中的摆设,主人喜欢听赞赏的语言,而不愿听到询问价格的话。The furnishings of the family, the owner likes to hear appreciation of the language rather than the words heard asking price.准时守信,相当重要.。Punctual and trustworthy, very important .. 美国商人喜欢表现自己的"不正式、随和、与幽默感。能在经常说几句笑话的人 ，往往易为对方接受。美国商界流行早餐与午餐约会谈判。当你答应参加对方举办的宴会时，一定要准时赴宴，如果因特殊情况不能准时赴约，一定要打电话通知主人，并说明理由，或者告诉主人什么时间可以去。赴宴时，当女士步入客厅时，男士应该站起来，直到女士找到了位子你才可坐下。美国人在招待客人时，大多用焙牛肉、焙鸡肉，因为这些菜式受一般美国人欢迎，既方便又实惠。只要另配上一二种蔬菜、芋类及谷类，如果准备点饭后甜点，就算是大餐了。汉堡包是美国人日常食用的食品，按规定，汉堡包牛肉未脂肪含量不得超过30％．American businessmen like to express its "non-formal and easy-going, with a sense of humor. People often say a few jokes in, often easy for the other side to accept. popular breakfast and lunch talks about American business. When you promised to attend a banquet held by the other side. the meal must be timely, if not on time to meet this woman because of special circumstances, we must call the owner and explain the reason or what time to tell the owner. the meal, when the President entered the living room, men should stand up and You can find a place to sit down until the President. Americans entertain guests, mostly with baked beef, baked chicken, These dishes generally welcome the Americans because, convenience and benefit. If reprovisioning on one or two kinds of vegetables, and cereals category line, If it points Fanhoutiandian, even a meal. Americans are daily consumption of food hamburger, according to stipulations, hamburger beef fat content should not exceed 30%.自1979年1月与我国建交后，美国商人（尤其是大企业经营者）对中国市场颇有兴趣。Since diplomatic relations with China in January 1979 after the American businessman (particularly large operators) is quite interested in the Chinese market.在美国，一般浅洁的颜色受人喜欢，如牙黄色、浅绿色、浅蓝色、黄色、粉红色、浅黄褐色。In the United States, generally by people like simple and pure color, such as yellow teeth, light green, light blue, yellow, pink, light tan. 在美国很难指出那些特别高级的色彩。High in the United States is difficult to say which particular color. 很多心里学家的调查表明：一、纯色系色彩比较受欢迎；美国人的色彩爱好与购买习惯的关系，可看下面一些富于趣味的例子：The survey showed that many scientists : a heart, pure color color is quite popular. Americans love with the color of the purchasing habits, can see some interesting examples below :纽约市民喜欢白色的鸡蛋，因此在那里白色的鸡蛋常常以高价出售。The citizens of New York like the egg white, egg white, where often at a higher price. 但是，波士顿市民却喜欢红褐色的鸡蛋，一般认为红褐色鸡蛋味道鲜美，白色鸡蛋味道特殊。However, the Boston public just loves to reddish-brown eggs, it is generally thought that the reddish-brown eggs taste tasty, a special flavor of the egg white. 但是，烹调专家的看法是，白色鸡蛋要比红褐色鸡蛋好一些。However, the cooking expert view is that the reddish-brown eggs better than white eggs.近年来，美国人的饮酒习惯发生了变化，这同各国消费者饮酒习惯的变化是一致的。In recent years, a change in the drinking habits of Americans, with the change in consumer drinking habits is the same. 即从嗜好烈性深色酒转向非烈性浅色酒。Shift from hobby potent liquor potent dark light-colored liquor. 人们越来越习惯于饮用啤酒、葡萄酒和果酒。People accustomed to drinking more beer, wine and cider. 据统计，世界最大的酒类消费国美国，对烈性酒的消费正在下降。According to statistics, the United States, the world"s largest liquor consumption of alcohol consumption is declining. 1975年英国威士忌在美国总消费量中占13.6%，而1985年只占11%。British whiskey in the United States in 1975 accounted for 13.6% of total consumption, but only 11% in 1985. 近10年来，美国低度酒销售量上升了约30%，美国流行一种说法“浅色酒比深色酒有益于健康。在一些地方，人们喜欢饮淡茶，而在另外一些地方，人们喜欢喝浓茶。不管是茶叶或咖啡，必须与当地的水十分调和。另外，发红的奶油或干酪，比普通的奶油和干酪受人欢迎。又如红色的大马哈鱼在有些地方畅销，而在另外一些地方由于习俗的关系，白色的大马哈鱼畅销。Nearly 10 years, the United States has a low alcohol wine sales up about 30% The United States is a common saying "light-colored wine than dark liquor wholesome. In some places, people like Dan Cha. In other places, people like to drink tea. whether it is tea or coffee, to be reconciled with the local water is. In addition, flush butter or cheese, butter and cheese than ordinary welcome. Another example is the red Chum Salmon in some places bestseller Due to the custom in other places, white Chum Salmon bestseller.绿色的龙须茶，在波士顿受到好评，而白色的龙须茶，却在芝加哥受到好评。Asparagus green tea has been well received in Boston, asparagus a

小学三年级英语课本共有四个版本：1、人教版的新版pep版本2、外研教科版3、苏教版4、牛津大学版扩展资料义务教育中常用课本版本义务教育教科书》常用版本有人教版（人民教育出版社出版）、鲁教版（山东教育出版社）、鲁人版（山东人民出版社）、鲁科版（山东科技出版社）、北师大版、沪教版（上海教育出版社出版）、苏教版）、浙教版（浙江教育出版社出版）、外研版等参考质料来源：百度百科—义务教育教科书

2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：梦 　　Of all the components of a good night"s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by thelate 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind"s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It"s your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychologyat Chicago"s Medical Center, "if you don"t like it, change it." 　　he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright"s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don"t always think about the emotional significance of the day"s events-until, it appears, we begin to dream. 　　And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualizehow you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. 　　At the end of the day, there"s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people"s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you"ll feel better in the morning. 　　练习题： 　　Choose correct answers to the question: 　　1.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind"s emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______. 　　A.we can think logically in the dreams too 　　B.dreams can be brought under conscious control 　　C.dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears 　　D.dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable 　　2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic? 　　A.Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones. 　　B.Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams. 　　C.One"s dreaming process is related to his emotion. 　　D.People having negative feelings dream more often. 　　3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____. 　　A.control what dreams to dream 　　B.sleep well without any dreams 　　C.wake up in time to stop the bad dreams 　　D.identify what is upsetting about the dreams 　　4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______ 　　A.learn to control his dreams 　　B.consult a doctor 　　C.sleep and dream on it 　　D.get rid of anxiety first 　　5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______. 　　A.a good practice 　　B.a new discovery 　　C.helpful for everyone 　　D.not essential for everyone 　　参考答案及解析 　　1.[D] 词义理解题。在第1段第4句中，逗号后面的regulating moods是对emotional thermostat的功能进行解释说明，因此可以推断出选项D正确。 　　2.[C] 事实细节题。最具干扰的是选项A，因为其陈述与第2段第2句的陈述有点相似,但是，此长句说的是大多数人上半夜做噩梦，之后都会做好梦，而不是像选项A中所说大多数噩梦之后是好梦。而且，根据本段第1 句，很明显，选项C是这一句的近义替换。 　　3 [C] 推理判断题。本题考査对代词的理解。在第3段的最后一句中，代词it应指上文说到的控制噩梦，及时醒来等做法，因此只有选项C涉及了其中一个做法。选项A太泛了，选项B和D在文中并无提及。 　　4.[B] 事实细节题。本题考查根据构词法猜测词义的能力。解题关键是推断最后一段第3句中therapist的意义，在考纲词汇表中，therapy是“治疗”的意思，因此，therapist应该是专门负责某种治疗的医生，由此可见，选项B是对原文seek help from a therapist的近义替换。 　　5.[D] 观点态度题。根据最后一句可以推断作者认为如无必要，梦还是不要控制的好。做梦会让你早上感觉舒服一些，因此本题应选D。 2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：机器人跳舞 　　The dancers stand motionless at their position and the room grows silent. But as the music starts, they began to move, bending, turning and waving their fans gracefully as they perform. a traditional Japanese dance. Yoshihiro Kuroki watches in silence, occasionally making notes. But as the dance ends, he beams with happiness. The performance has been flawless. 　　There have been many performances of traditional Japanese dances over the centuries, but this one is unique,because it is performed not by human dancers but by robots. And the performance takes place not in a dance studio but in a laboratory of Sony Corp."s Entertainment Robot Co. in Shinagawa, Japan, where Kuroki isgeneral manager. He is the mastermind behind a series of even more capable humanoid entertainment robots,starting with the Sony Dream Robot, or SDR, in 1997, up to the current QRIO in 2003. 　　These delightful machines are only 58 cm tall, about the size of a newborn infant, weigh about 7 kg, and move with 38 degrees of freedom, each with its own servomotor(辅助马达). 　　QRIO"s predecessor, the SDR4X, announced in 2002, can walk, dance, sing, speak, recognize faces, and understand continuous speech. Each robot has two charge-coupled-device cameras to detect color and position andcan locate a colored ball, move toward it, and kick it into a goal. It also has contact sensors in severaljoints to avoid pinching real human fingers. Seeing the robot perform, it is difficult to remember that there is no sentience(知觉)behind those glass eyes. 　　练习题： 　　Choose correct answers to the question: 　　1.Which of the following is the most suitable title of this passage? 　　A.New Entertainment Robots Produced in Japan. 　　B.QRIO the Robot Dancers. 　　C.Robots Man"s Best Friend. 　　D.An Extraordinary Performance in Sony"s Lab. 　　2.Yoshihiro Kuroki ______. 　　A.is excited when the robots are performing a traditional Japanese dance 　　B.keeps silent because he is a little unsatisfied with the new product 　　C.witnesses the creation of a series of entertainment robots 　　D.is an executive manager of Sony Corp. 　　3.Which aspect of the robots is NOT mentioned in the passage? 　　A.The vividness of their motion. 　　B.Their pleasant appearance. 　　C.Their smart designing principles. 　　D.Their communicative ability. 　　4.The Sony Dream Robot was___ 　　A.the first human-like entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp 　　B.as capable as the QRIO of speaking,dancing,singing and walking 　　C.largest among all the entertainment robot developed by the Sony Corp 　　D.the first entertainment robot sold at the market by the Sony Corp 　　5.The robot can locate colored balls by mens of ____ 　　A.a charge-coupled device 　　B.two cameras 　　C.two contacts sensors 　　D.a digital detector 　　参考答案及解析 　　1.[A] 主旨大意题。标题需要既全面又突出地概括文章的主题。本文先是描述“舞蹈演员”，然后揭晓这是些“机器人”(第2段第1句)，接着对Sony公司的一些机器人产品进行详细介绍。选项A比较全面地概括了文章内容。选项B、D只是涉及细节，不能全面地概括本文的内容。而C又过于笼统，不具有针对性。 　　2.[C] 事实细节题。选项C符合第2段最后一句“He is the mastermind behind a series of... robots...”。仔细阅读有关的细节信息会发现,第1段第3句可帮助否定选项A。第1段最后两句可帮助否定选项B。另外，根据第2段倒数第2句可否定选项D。 　　3.[D] 事实细节题。全文分四段，分别讨论机器人三方面的特点：第1段和第2段描述机器人舞蹈演员栩栩如生的表演，即选项A;第3段描写它们的外表，即选项B;第4段介绍它们巧妙的设计，即选项C;只有选项D是没有提到的，故为答案。 　　4.[A] 推理判断题。该句中的分词结构“starting with...”表明the Sony Dream Robot是第一个人形娱乐机器人，因此选项A正确。文章在最后一段的第1句提到两种能说话、跳舞的机器人，但没有提到SDR是否和它们一样，由此可否定选项B。在第3段讨论机器人大小的时候也没有提到SDR体型最大，因此选项C不正确。选项D在文中没有讨论到。 　　5.[B] 事实细节题。该句中“two…cameras to...”的结构表明这两个摄像头可以用于定位，所以选项B正确。选项A在该句中也有提到，但它只是摄像机的工作机制，而不是用于定位的装置。选项C在下一句提到，但与题干提到的定位功能无关。选项D在文中并未提及。 2019年6月大学英语四级阅读理解训练：决定婴儿性别 　　Henry III didn"t know much about biology. He went through six wives back in the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now know that it"s the father"s sperm, not the mother"s egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility(生育能力)center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral(牲口栏). In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material— in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And when purified girl sperm was used to impregnate(使受孕)a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls. 　　The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother"s chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia(血友病). But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri(子宫)discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It"s valuing one gender" over another," Grifo says. "I don"t think that"s something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that"s fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproductive-law professor John Robertson, "that"s not gender bias at all." 　　练习题： 　　Choose correct answers to the question: 　　1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______. 　　A.in the same way how the cattle are herded 　　B.when they pass through a tube one behind the other 　　C.after they pass through a laser tube 　　D.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time 　　2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______. 　　A.the father"s DNA 　　B.the mother"s DNA 　　C.the father"s sperm 　　D.the mother"s egg 　　3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______. 　　A.can help to prevent all genetic problems 　　B.is totally unacceptable to ethics experts 　　C.was already realized five hundred years ago 　　D.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases 　　4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____ 　　A.girl sperm contains more genetic material 　　B.more mother want to have girl babies 　　C.girl sperm is healthier and more active 　　D.girl sperm is more easily purified 　　5.It can be concluded from the passage that author"s toward”sex selection”is____ 　　A.negative 　　B.positive 　　C.neutral 　　D.favorable 　　参考答案及解析 　　1.[B] 推理判断题。解答本题的关键在于推断single file的意思。该句把精子通过试管的情形与牛群被赶入牲口圈的情形作对比，结合single一词本身的意思，可以推断single file是“一个接一个”的意思，只有选项B能表达这个意思，由此也可否定选项D。选项A最具干扰性，原句是把精子通过试管的情形比作牛群被赶人牲口圈的情形，而选项A说的是测定精子内DNA的方法与放牧的方法相同，显然选项A只是引用了原文的某些词语，但表达的意思与原文却截然不同。 　　2.[C] 事实细节题。第1段第3句which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的是the father"s sperm，而不是插入语the mother"s egg,因此选项C正确。 　　3.[D] 推理判断题。第2段第1句中的genetic暗示有些疾病是遗传的，即如选项D所述。第2段第1句同时表明选项A的说法是不全面的。选项B与第2段最后两句正好相反。第1段前两句说明选项C是错误的。 　　4.[A] 事实细节题。第1段倒数第2句中的由which引导的定语从句表明选项A的叙述正确。 　　5.[C] 观点态度题。文章第2段中作者给出了一些反对者和赞成者的观点，但是没有加以评论，可以看出作者的态度是中立的，故选项C正确。

高尔夫中英文术语 Address 瞄球，击球准备动作 Advice 对别人的打法或其他技术上的事项提出建议 Again 重新击球，Play again 的缩写 Against logy 加一杆赛 Against par 标准击杆赛，以规定击球次数作对象，来决定胜负。各球洞规定 Against wind 逆风、顶风 Albtross 双鹰，比标准杆少三杆 Approach 近距离切球，即在果岭附近要把球打上果岭 Approach cleek 轻击球杆，铁杆的一种，作推球进洞之用 Approach part 轻击区推杆，使球靠近小旗竿的长推杆 Apron 球洞四周草坡，草地四周下垂斜面 Approve 比赛结束之署名 Arc 杆头弧线，挥杆时，杆头经过的轨道 Arwy 计分杆数（前九洞的成绩取决于handleap） Atert 正确记号（比赛结束后记分员检查记分卡证明 Attend 陪伴（杆弟陪伴之意） Average golfer 球技中等者（差点15～20者） Back 朝后、向后 Back sole 朝后杆头底部 Back spin 回旋球（使用铁杆正确下击，球成反旋转） Back swing 上杆 Back tee 发球区 Bad luck 球运欠佳 Baffy 4号木杆 Balance 平衡 Ball mark 球落下来之后打在地上所造成的痕迹 Balls up 数球，计算比赛结束的球洞，得胜球洞数从对方球洞数中扣除而剩余者 Banana Ball 美式称右曲球 Basebll grip 自然握杆法 Batting leg 击球腿（指左脚而言） Bent grass 常绿草 Best ball 好球，以最少的杆数进洞，此项比赛以一人、二人、三人为一组进行，各球洞与对方最少的杆数相对抗 Birdie 小鸟球，或博蒂，低于标准杆一杆 Bit 打赌 Bite 强后施球 Black 碳纤木杆 Blade 扁平部 Blind 盲点，目标由于树木或地形起伏看不见的时候。另外一个意思是按照得分差失决定胜负 Blast 沙坑打球法，也叫作explosion shot，击烈的打沙坑里的沙，使球飞出去 Blind Hole 遮掩洞 Blow up 失势（不能挽回的混乱比赛） Boger competition 标准杆数和个人杆数差异的比分赛 Bogey 补给，也称"柏忌"，高于标准杆一杆 Bone 羊角，为了避免球杆头的底部断裂，而插进去的羊角 Booby 倒数第一，又称BB奖、精神奖 Brassie 2号木杆 Bunker 沙坑 Caddie 球僮 Caddie Fee 球僮费 Card 记分卡 Carrid honor 优先开球数：后半球洞中，得高分者在次一开洞区仍超前击球者 Carry 击球进洞：击球后球落到地面的距离 Cart 球车 Casual water 临时出现水区（雨水或地下水临时出现的积水区） Casual Water 临时积水区 Chip 低飞球 Chip shot 打出滚地球让球滚进球洞 Circuit 巡回赛 Claim 抗议（比赛中对方违反规则所提出的意见） Clean 直接击球 Clear 过洞，球员通过的球洞 Cleek 5号木杆 Close 朝内 Close Championship 非公开赛（参加者限特定人员） Close stance 封闭站姿 - 左脚稍向前，左奔站姿，挥杆时右脚略拉向后方姿势 Close stuce 朝内站姿 Close tee 球停在草坪地带短草上 Closed stance 闭合式击球姿势 Club 球杆 Club face 杆面：杆头击球面 Club handicap 俱乐部名人赛：各俱乐部登记的高得分者，不被公开赛所认可 Club head 杆头 Club house 俱乐部会所 Club House 会所 Club length 杆长：侧定球位置距离的标准 Club Rental 球具出租 Cock 屈腕挥杆：在挥杆时，左手腕向姆指方向弯的一个动作。移向上挥前，弯曲手腕挥动 Compition 比赛 Compititor 比赛者 Compression 高尔夫球本身的硬度 Course 比赛场地之全貌，包括18个洞的全部。公开赛全场须达5944公尺，18个球洞 Course 球场 Course record 球场记录 Cross lunker 遮断球路障碍物，侵入草坪地带的障碍物 Cuppy lie 打低漥地带加以击出 Cut 切击 Cut in 切入：中途加入比赛，不顾球场顺序的玩法 Cut up 击高球 Dead 死球：掉落地点，球不能转动而停止 Death grip 握杆僵硬（过度用力握住球杆） Dig in 挖地 Digging 杆头击中地面 Dipping 倾斜 Displasing ball 换置球位 Disqualify 取消比赛资格 Distarb 妨碍 Ditch 球路沟渠 Divot 杆头削去草皮、草痕 Dog leg 狗腿洞 Dorwy 领先球洞与剩余球洞相同 Double bogey 比标准杆多二杆 Double Eagle 双老鹰，低于标准杆三杆 Doulble Bogey 双柏忌，高出标准杆二杆 Down Swing 下杆 Draw 左曲球 Drive 发球 Driver 木杆 Driving countest 击球比赛 Driving Range 练习场 Duff 打到球的底部 Drop 在遗失球或其他状况要将球重新定位时，令球由空中自由落下 Dyuawite 厚杆头球杆（弯形9号铁杆，底部厚而重，乃打击落入障碍球前的沙粒用） Face 球杆面 Fade 右曲球 Fade ball 落地时往右滚的球 Fairway 球道 Fairway banker 草坪地带的沙坑 Fairway wood 球道用木杆 Fast green 快速滑球果岭 Fellow competitor 同伴竞技者 Finger grip 手指握杆法：与自然握杆法相对称，有强握及叠握两种 Finish 完成最后一洞 Flange 厚底（杆头底部较厚者） Flat swing 平挥杆：指以接近横向的打法挥杆，这是矮个子的挥杆法 Floater 浮球（水面浮动的球） Fluke 侥幸打中 Follow through 送球：自球杆击到球之后到结束的这一段动作 Follow wind 顺风（也可以说Fallow） Fore 躲开（击球者提醒他人注意后方来球） Fore caddie 前方服务员：杆弟的一种。未了解目标所在，便由此人站在该处，比赛时当做局外人，不得由选手自己雇用 Form 姿势 Four ball match 四球比赛（与双组比赛不同，由两组最低的杆数决定胜负） Foursome 一组二人同他组对抗，各组相互击出一个球 Fried Egg 荷包蛋（形容球在沙坑内） Friendly match 同伴亲善比赛 Fringe 果岭边缘 Front tee 前方球座（妇女或一般球技者用） Full face 高挥杆面 Full Set 整组球杆（14支） Full swing 高挥杆 Furrow 障碍平整后残留地面的痕迹 General rule 基本规则 Glass lunker 障碍物草 Gloves 手套 Goose neck blade 鹅头刃部：杆柄及头部连接处，如鹅颈般弯曲的轻击杆 Gray norman 葛雷-诺曼，高尔夫名将 Green 果岭：在洞口附近，特别将草修的很平整的地区，只能用推杆 Green Fee 果岭费 Green guard bunker 果岭边缘的沙坑 Green keeper 果岭管理者 Grip 基本握杆法 Grooved swing 正确挥杆动作 Gross 总杆 Ground address 杆头触地 Ground under epair 待修复之地 Guard 保护（配置在果岭 四周，难以接近的障碍物） Half 半场 Half swing 轻挥杆（打击一半距离的方法） Halls up 数球（计算比赛结束的球洞，得胜球洞数从对方球洞数中扣除而剩余者） Hand first 右手从上覆盖的握杆法 Handicap 差点：与赛者的实力与标准杆之差数。例如：某人实力92杆，其与标准杆72杆差20点，则其差点为20 Handicap 差点 Hazard 障碍：指水障碍、沙坑及如耙子等可移动障碍 Hazards 障碍 Hdcp 表示困难球洞顺序 Head 杆头 Head-speed 杆头速度 Holable 一击能进洞的近球 Hole 球洞：直径10.79公分，深度10.16公分以上 Hole 球洞 Hole down 净负洞数（分洞比赛时所输的球洞数） Hole in one 一杆进洞，在开球座上一杆进洞 Hole in One 一杆进洞 Hole match 分洞比赛，跟Match play同一个意思 Hole out 在高尔夫比赛中，不管多么接近，均要将球击入洞中，叫做Hole out。球进入洞中，加以取出，结束该球洞比赛之意 Honor 优先发球者 Honorable member 荣誉会员 Hook 左旋球、左曲球，实际上是开始时击到右边去，然后再弯到左侧 Hook face 偏左杆面 Hook grip 偏左握杆 Howe 第十八洞 Imaginary line 假设线 Impact 击球的瞬间 Impact face 击球面 In 后九洞 In lounce 允许比赛的地区 In play 进行比赛中：指开球到球进洞而言 In playable 死球（球进入不能打击处） In side 内侧 Indoor 室内 Inland course 内地球场，山区或平野球场 Inside out 向外挥杆，挥杆时的杆头由内侧挥向外侧 Inside to inside 杆头的轨道由内向外挥，最后又回到内侧来 Intentional slice 定向右偏球：下意识击出的右偏球，属于高级球技 Inter club watch 运动协会对抗赛 Inter locking 连锁握杆法 Interface 障碍 Into the cup 使球从四个入口滚入球洞的方法 Invitation warch 邀请赛 Iron 铁杆 Jack Nicolas 杰克-尼克劳斯 Jerk 猛击 Jerking 猛击球：用杆柄及头部连接处击球 Jigger 10号铁杆或11号铁杆 Just middle 正中球心 Kick 反弹球 Kill 用力出球 Lady Tee 女子发球区 Last call 最后比赛：年度结束举办的比赛 Last hole 最后一洞，决定胜负的最后一洞 Late bitt 解开曲腕 Late beginner 中年才学打球者 Lateral water hazard 侧面水障碍 Lead 引导 Length 长度：球场距离 Lie 球位：杆柄和球杆底部的角度 Lie 球位置 Lift 挑高球，将球击高 Like 二人要击数相同 Line 指推球线，球与洞中这连线 Links 球场 Lip 洞边：球洞边缘 List action 手腕动作 Local knowledge 熟悉各球场特性 Local rule 当地规则或特别规则 Loft 球杆的倾斜度、击球面的角度 Loft 球杆面之角度 Long putt 推杆距离 Long thumb 拇指伸长 Looping 飞球弧线偏左，飞球线不平行而偏向内侧 Loose grip 轻握 Loose impediment 非固定障碍物，如球场内树叶、石块等 Makable 有足够可能性将球推击入洞的推击 Make 1.以一定的杆数打一轮或球场 2.打出一定的杆数 Mallet/mallet-head 具有比楔形推杆有更宽、更重杆头的推杆 Mallet putter 镰刀型推杆 - 杆头形状呈镰刀状但圆厚笃实的推击杆 Mark 1.标记，为了便于识别球在球上做的记号 2.按照规定拿起球时标定球的位置的动作 Marker 1.记分员 2.球标，在按规则照拿起球时标定球的位置的小物品 Marking 球杆杆面上的刻痕 - 在附属规划II中对球杆杆面的刻痕有详细的规定： ＜除去特定的刻痕以外，表面的粗糙度不得超过装饰性喷沙的粗糙度。刻痕不得有可以以手指感觉出的锐缘或凸起的棱纹。＞ Marshal 巡场员，维持秩序的人员 - 由委员会指定的球场内的巡视员，主要任务是维持观众秩序、监督球员打球的速度、向委员会报告比赛中发生的问题等 Mashie 1.见于1880年前后，为具有一定杆面倾角的铁杆，用于切击以获得较大的倒旋 (现已不使用) 2.五号铁杆的别称 Mashie iron 1.杆面倾角小於mashie的铁杆，用於击打远距离球和打向球洞区的全力击球 (现已不使用) 2.四号铁杆的别称 Mashie-niblick 1.杆面倾角适中，用於打劈起切击球的铁杆( 现已不使用)2.七号铁杆的别称 Master 名人，高手 Masters 大师赛，名人赛 Neck 杆头，球杆的颈部 - 同socket`shank Neck cell 球杆杆颈与杆身接合部位使用的赛璐珞（celluloid ）片 - 有时也使用铜线缠绕或以金属管代替，但是一般重量不会超过三克。 同ferule Needle 在赌博未分出胜负时以其他的赌法决定 Net 净杆，净杆数 - 指在有差点的比赛中以实际杆数减去差点以后的分数，如果一名球员的差点是十八，他在一轮比赛中的实际杆数是九十二杆，则他的净杆数应该为：92-18=74杆 - 同net score Net score 净杆，净杆数 - 同net Never up "never in [不到之球，不入其洞] 高尔夫球推杆技术格言。距离不到球洞的球决不可能进洞，即建议球员在进行推击时用力要宁大毋小 New way of flat Swing 新型平式挥杆 Nine 9洞的高尔夫球场 - 18洞或更大的规模球场中的连续9个洞 Nine-iron 9号铁杆 - 杆面倾角45-48度、放置著地角62-64度、长度35英寸、击球距离105-140码左右的铁杆。 别称niblick Nineteenth-Hole/19th hole 第十九洞 指高尔夫球场院或俱乐部的酒吧——打完球后喝一杯的场所 Non heel 无跟部铁杆,指铁杆杆头的跟随部与球杆颈之间没有明确的界限，而是呈弧形接续。因为这种球杆的跟部和颈部没有明确区别，所以适於各种不同体形的球员在击球准备时的著地角 No return 未提交记分卡，弃权 Normal loft 正常杆面倾角 - 指铁杆杆面倾角的英国标准，自一九四零年起作为标准杆面倾角而通用，具体标准如下： 三号铁杆24度 四号铁杆28度 五号铁杆32度 六号铁杆36度 七号铁杆40度 八号铁杆44度 九号铁杆48度 PW杆52度 SW杆58度 Nose 鼻，特指木杆杆头的趾部 - 同toe Number 号码，球杆的番号 OB 界外 - 见 out of bound Observer 观察员 - 规则中规定： [<观察员>是指由委员会指定的帮助裁判判断事实问题，并向其报告违反规则情况的人员。观察员不应照管旗杆、站在洞边或指示球洞位置、拿起球或标定球的位置] Obstruction 妨碍物 Odd 在比洞赛中，一洞中比对手多一杆的击球 Official 正式的，公认的 Official competiton 正式比赛 Official handicap 正式差点 - 指由高尔夫球协会或高尔夫球俱乐部提供的公认差点 Official scale 球杆测重计 Offset 铁杆的杆头较杆身轴线销稍偏后的状态 Oil harden 四五十年以前为了使木杆杆头防水、防湿和更加坚硬而采用的桐油浸渍法 On 球位于球洞区上 One-iron 1号铁杆 - 杆面倾角17度左右、放置著地角56度左右、长度39英寸左右、击球距离185-220码左右的铁杆。 别称driving iron。 One on 一杆将球打上球洞区 - 指从发球区发出的球最后停止在球洞区上 One piece swing 一体挥杆 - 指身体在各部分有节奏、有顺序、无停顿和间断的流畅的挥杆动作。是现在最为提倡导的挥杆动作。 Open stance 开放式站位 - 相对球的飞行方向左脚较右脚偏后的站位方式。一般在用短铁杆打高球或有意识打右曲球时采用的站位。采用开放式站位而球杆杆面正对击球方向进行挥杆时，由于上挥杆时左肩不易打开而形成由外向内的挥杆轨迹，导致右曲球 Opponent 比洞赛中的对手 Order of play 打球顺序 - 在比洞赛中如果打球顺序错误，若对手提出要示则球员必须取消该次击球重新打球，而在比杆赛中即使打球顺序错误也不必纠正，只是于对同组球员的礼貌和尊重方面而言不应这样做 Original ball 初始球 - 球员最初从发球区打出的不，相对暂定球和按照规则打的第二球而言。 Original lay 原来的球位 - 球移动或被移动、球被打出之前的地点，即需要回到原来位置抛球或放置时规则认定的地点 Out 十八洞高尔夫球场中前九洞的俗称 Out course 十八洞球场中的前九洞 Out of bounds 1.球位于界外 2.界外区域，一般简称OB Outside agency 局外者 规则定义中说明： [<局外者>是指比洞赛中与比赛无关者，比杆赛中不属于比赛者一方者。 裁判员、计分员、观察员及前方球童均为局外者。风及水不是局外者] Outside-in 从外向内的挥杆 指下挥杆时，球杆的杆头从击球线的外侧向内侧通过的击球方法 Oval neck 椭圆颈，卵形颈 铁杆的底面从趾部至跟部不是平面，而是呈椭圆形状，这样可以减少底面与地面之间的接角面积，便于调整著地角，利于杆头击球通过和切削草皮，加大杆头速度 Oval sole 椭圆底面 铁杆的底面从趾部至跟部不是平面，而是呈椭圆形状，这样可以减少底面与地面之间的接触面积，便于调整着地角，利于杆头击球通过和切削草皮，加大杆头速度 Over 1.超过 球越过目标，打得过远 2.超过规定的标准杆数 如超过标准一杆为[one over par] Over clubbing 在向球洞区打球时因为选用了较必要的球杆大的杆而将球打过了球洞区 通常说[杆用大了] Over drive 发球距离远，在发球区打出的球较一起打球的其他人远得多 Overlap 重叠式握杆 Overlapping grip 重叠式握杆 - 握杆法的一种，握杆时，右手的小指搭在左手的食指与中的旨的中间间隙处，这种握法是使用最为广泛的方法。其优点为能够较好地保持两手的一体感，有利于控制左右两手用力的平衡 Overspin 正旋，上旋，击球后球向击球线方向旋转 Over swing 过度挥杆 - 过度挥杆是指因上挥杆的动作幅度过大而使挥杆动作的平衡破坏 Pair 1.在比洞赛中作为伙伴的两个球员 2.在比洞赛中将两个球员作为伙伴编在一起 3.在比杆赛中,两个球员一起在同组打球 4.在比杆赛中将两个(或更多的)球员编在一组打球 Pairing 比杆赛中两个球员一起打球的编组 Palm grip 掌握杆： 1.强力握杆： 2.以手掌握杆的方法.在握杆时,左手主要以手掌握杆为掌握杆,右手主要以手指握杆为指握杆(finger grip) Par 1.标准杆 - 指某一球场设定的各洞、一轮的标准打数 2.在一洞打出标准 Par break 打出较标准杆低的成绩 Par competition 以标准杆为对手的比赛，对抗标准杆比赛 在比赛中每个选手都将各自的差点按照规定分配到相关的各洞，然后以各洞分数与该洞标准杆的关系计算点数 Parkparkland 短草区域较多、只有少部分长草区的球场 Pass 先行通过 - 指在寻找球或打球延误时请后续组的球员先行通过 Peg 球座 - 以木头或塑料制作用来在发球时架球的球座 同tee peg Penalty 处罚 - 指对于违反规则行为施加的处罚。一般分为罚杆、罚距离和取消资格几类 Penalty stroke 罚杆 - 规则规定：{[罚杆]是指按照相应规则条款对球员或一方的分数施加的杆数} Penalty of stroke and distance 击球和距离的处罚 - 球员在受到或接受这种处罚时，必须回到原来的地点，在尽量接近原来球的所在位置处打球，此时球员上一次打球的距离被取消，还要接受加罚一杆的处罚 - 在打出的球界外时、球遗失时，必须拉嫒 上述处罚和处置程序，在球进入水障碍区时或宣布球为不能打这球时，可以选择上述接受该处罚处置 PGA 职业高尔夫球员协会的简称 - 全称为Professional Golfers" Association PGA Tour 职业巡回赛 - 由职业高尔夫球员协会组织的职业巡回赛 Pill 球 Pimple 属于多近钩子属植物，欧洲黑莓：荆棘 Pin 对旗杆的俗称 - 作为目标时也指球洞 见flagstick Pin placementpin position 球洞在球洞区上的位置 - 比赛前一般委员会会确定各洞位置并将有资料在赛前发给选手 Pinsetter 负责确定球洞位置的指定人员 Pinsetting 球洞位置 - 同 pin placement Pitch 切击，劈起击球 击球方式的一种，打出球的具有很高的弹道，特别具有明显的倒旋，通常用于近距离内将球打上球洞区或使球越过有麻烦的区域 Pitch-and- 仅使用劈起杆和推杆的小型短距离球场 每洞标准杆都是3杆 Puttpitch-and-run 腾滚球 - 在球洞区周围近距离球的打法之一 Pitch-in 直接切击入洞 Pitching irons 1. 短铁杆 2. 八号铁杆的旧称 - 同 lofter`pitching niblick Pitching niblick 八号铁杆的别称 - 同pitching iron`lofter Pitching wedge 劈起杆 - 特殊铁杆的一种，球杆杆面的倾角度约为四十八至五十二度，放置著地角63-65度，球杆长度35英寸，是打近距离时常用的球杆 Pitch shot 劈起球，腾起球 - 在球洞区周围近距离球的打法之一 Pivot 挥杆过程中肩、躯干和脊柱的回旋轴，扭转枢轴 挥杆过程中身体沿著中心轴扭转的过程。如果中心轴出现偏移会导致击球失误 Place 1.地点，场所 2.放置球 Plateau 1.高原，顶部为平面的高丘，台地 2.高出地面的台形球洞区 Plateaued 座落于高丘上的，位于高丘上 Plateau gren 台形球洞区 Play 1.打球，以球杆击球 2.进行击球 3.打球的动作 4.比赛方式 Playable 可以打的（球） - 区别于unplayable Playclub 杆面倾角最小、击球距离最远的木杆的旧称，后来称为driver Playing Professional 巡回赛职业选手 Play off 1.从发球区开球 2.在出现平局时通过加洞或加轮的延长赛以决定胜负 Playoff 延长赛，加赛 - 指在比赛中出现平局时进行数洞或十八洞的延长赛以决定胜负 Plugged lie 煎蛋球 球在落进沙坑时，因为球下落时的动冲击力而使球的一部分或大部分埋在沙中的位置状态 - 同fried lie Plus-man 具有较无差点球员更低差点的球员，差点为负数的高水平球员 Point 点，得分，要点 Pop 近距离高抛球，球杆头直接从球下面通过，打出的球很快高高飞起 Pot bunker 锅盆状沙坑 指深而小，坑壁陡峭的沙坑 Pro line goods 球具店，高尔夫球俱乐部内的专卖店 - 同pro shop Pronation 回旋 - 上挥杆时左手和左臂内旋、右手和右臂外旋的动作 Pro test 职业高尔夫球员资格考试 Provisional ball 暂定球 Public course 公众球场 - 指对任何人都开放的非会员制球场 Pull 拉击球，拉出式击球 - 同pull shot Pull-hook 左手球员击球时球飞向目标线的左侧，并由於侧旋带有向左的曲线 - 左手球员则相反 Pull shot 拉击球，拉出式击球 - 击球后球直飞向击球方向线左侧的失误球 Regular 标示球杆杆身硬度的符号，表示杆身硬度为一般标准硬度 Rabbit 1.跳球 - 指打出去的低球像兔子一样跳动著前进 2.小有成就的业余高尔夫球，具有一定才能的业余的高尔夫球员 3.没有取得免除选拨资格，必须参加预选才有可能取得参加巡回赛资格的职业球员 Radiused sole 弧形杆底、铁杆底部呈弧形的状态 R & A(Royal and Ancient) 英国高尔夫球协会正式名称应为 [皇家古代高尔夫球俱乐部（Royal & Ancient Golf Club）] Rake 1.铁杆的一种，有较大的杆面倾角，由杆面底部向上有坚直的锯齿形沟槽，用于打位 于水中或者沙坑中的球 现在已不再使用 2. 沙耙 - 用于平整沙坑内沙的耙子 Range 击球练习场 - 同driving range Ranking 名次，排名 Rap 果断而有力地推击 Read 阅读球洞区，认真察看和理解球洞区的起伏和草纹 Recall 撤消 - 要求取消违反规则的打球，重新按照规则打球，或者取消违反规则的球杆或球等 Recessed marking 球表面的小凹 - 同dimple Record 1.记录/球场记录 2.计分 Recover 救球，挽救性击球 - 从长草区、障碍或任何麻烦的地方将球打到理想的位置或球洞区上 Recovery shot 救球，挽球性击球，指将处于困难状态的球很好地打出 Referee 裁判员 - 规则上对[裁判员]的定义为： [裁判员]是指由委员会指定的与球员同行、判定事实问题、并执行规则的人员 Regulation 打出标准杆 Release 还原动作 - 指在下挥杆进入击球状态时即通过下挥杆—冲击球—顺势动作将上挥杆过程中向掼指侧曲的手腕还原的动作 Replace 重放置球 Resort course 疗养地球场/渡假村球场 - 指建有各种综合休闲设施的参考资料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/26369277.html?si=1

I．找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的单词。 l. brown A. yellow B. window C. row D. how 2. home A. some B. OK C. brother D. come 3. her A. sister B. father C. mother D. heard 4. study A. you B. yellow C. many D. boy 5. knife A. think B. thank C. nine D. English II．词汇 A) 单词拼写，词首字母已给出 1.Kate is Jim"s s______. Their parents are Mr. and Mrs. Green. 2.Lucy and Lily are in the s______ class. 3. T______ comes after Monday. 4 .We often eat b______ for breakfast. 5.Two maps are on the w______ of our classroom. B）从A、B、C、D中找出一个与划线部分意思相同或相近的选项。 1. —Thank you. —That"s OK. A. That"s all right. B. I"m OK. C. You"re right. D. You thank you. 2. —Miss Gao is an English teacher. A. a teacher English B. a teacher of English C. a teacher of England D. A teacher"s English 3. Excuse me! Is your brother in? A. at school B. in class C. at home D. Over there 4. He is my father"s brother. A. aunt B. dad C. father D. uncle 5. It"s time for break. A. have a break B. to have a rest C. have a rest D. to break C) 根据要求写出相应的单词 1. family（复数）____________ 2. black（反义词）______________ 3. picture（同义词）________ 4. they(形容词性物主代词)__________ 5. he (名词性物主代词)________ 6.Lucy(所有格)_____________ 7. Japanese(国名)________ 8.nine(序数词)____________ 9. young(反义词)__________ 10.their(同音词)____________ III．单词选择 1. “Is Jim at home?” “No, he is _______.” A. at home B. at school C. to school D. to home 2. “________ everyone here this morning?” “No, Lin Tao isn"t here.” A. Is B. Yes C. Are D. Am 3. Lucy is _______ English girl and Mike is _______ American boy. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, an 4. Do you know the new words _______ the blackboard. A. on B. at C. about D. in 5. “Do you know the girl at the door?” “Yes,_______.” A. I know B. I do C. I see D. I am 6. _______. What"s the time? A. Sorry B. I"m sorry C. Excuse me D. Hello 7. “Are those shoes ________?” “No, they aren"t.” A. your B. you C. you"re D. yours 8. “Can I look at your picture?” “Yes,_______.” A. you can B. I can C. look at it D. you look 9. “What colour is your sweater?” “It"s _______.” A. an orange B. oranges C. orange D. a orange 10. “How old are you? Ten?” “No,_______.” A. I"m ten, too B. I"m not old C. I"m not young D. I"m eleven 11. It"s so cold here. Please _______ your coat. A. put on B. take on C. take off D. have on 12. Your bag and my bag_______. A. like the same B. look the same C. see the same D. is the same 13. Look, my new bike is_______. A. in here B. about there C. over there D. at there 14. “Is that Miss Brown"s blouse?” “Yes, it"s _______.” A. she"s B. here"s C. her D. hers 15. “Is your coat ________?” “It"s red.” A. red or green B. red and green C. not green D. red, not green 16. “What"s the time, please?” “I think it"s time _______.” A. go school B. to go to school C. go to school D. to go school 17. “_______ my shoes. Mum?” “One is under your bed. The other is under your desk.” A. Where"s B. Where"re C. What"s D. What are 18. “Can you look after my watch, Mr. Hu?” “_______.” A. OK B. Thanks C. OK. Thank you D. I can 19. Please _______, Kate! Who"s that boy? A. look at B. look after C. look in D. look 20. “What class are you in?” “I"m in _______.” A. Lesson One B. One Class C. Class One D. One Lesson 21. “Oh, your bike is very nice.” “_______.” A. Thank you B. That"s right C. It"s nice D. Yes, you"re right 22. _______ are good classmates, do you know? A. I and she B. I and her C. She and me D. She and I 23. Here"s a letter for Tom. Let"s give_______. A. it to him B. it him C. him it to D. him to it 24. The man is over sixty, ________ he looks young. A. and B. but C. or D. too 25. We often go home _______ five in the afternoon. A. at B. in C. on D. of 26. I don"t know the time, I _______ a watch. A. am not have B. don"t have C. have D. not have 27. These two bedrooms are _______. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy"s and Lily"s C. Lucy and Lily"s D. Lucy"s and Lily 28. It"s time for _______. A. go to school B. school C. go school D. to school 29. –Where are my shoes? –______ –They are brown. –Oh, they are behind the door. A. What colour is your shoes? B. What colours is your shoes? C. What colours are your shoes? D. What colour are your shoes? 30. _______blouse is this? It"s _______. A. Whose, Sally"s B. Whose, Sam"s C. Who"s, Sam"s D. Who"s, Sally"s IV. 补全对话。 A: Hello! Are you Sue Smith? B: No. My name is Sue Green. A: ______1________? B: Yes, I am. I come from（从）America. A: Who"s that boy? B: _______2_______? A: The one on the new black bike. He looks like you. B: _______3_______. His name is Jim Green. A: Are you in the same class? B: Yes, ______4_______. A: _______5________? B: I"m in Row Tree. A: What about Jim? B: He"s tall. He"s in Row Five. B) 从B栏中找出能回答A栏中问题的答案，并将其字母代号填入题前的括号内。 A ( ) 1. Hello! I"m Kate Green. What"s your name, please? ( ) 2. Hello! Are you Li Lei? ( ) 3. Jim, what"s this in English? ( ) 4. What grade are you in? ( ) 5. Is this your bike? ( ) 6. Are you on duty today? ( ) 7. Where"s your mother? ( ) 8. What colour is your father"s car? ( ) 9. What are in these boxes? ( ) 10. A: What"s that over there? B: Where? B A. No, it isn"t. Look, that"s my bike. B. I"m in Grade One. C. Yes, I am. D. It"s a kite. E. No, I"m not. I"m Lin Tao. F. She is at home. G. Hello! I"m Wei Hua. H. It"s black. It"s a black car. I. Over there, on the hill. J. Look! They"re sweaters. V．句型转换，根据要求填空。 1. There is a sheep on the hill. (改为复数) There _______ _______ on the hill. 2. He has breakfast at seven every morning. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ breakfast at seven every morning. 3. Tom washes his clothes on Sunday mornings. (就划线部分提问) _______ does Tom _______ his clothes? 4. Uncle Wang is going to mend the bike tomorrow. (就划线部分提问) _______ is Uncle Wang going to _______ tomorrow? 5. They like speaking English very much. (变为否定句) They don"t like speaking English_________ _________. B) 在B句中每个空白处填一个词，使其与A句意思相同。 6. A. There is no cat under the table. B. There is _____ ______ cat under the table. 7. A. Please give Mr. Hu the watch. B. _____ the watch _____ Mr. Hu, please. 8. A. What time is it, please? B. What"s _____ _____, please? 9. A. It"s a black car. B. The car ______ ____. 10. A. Whose clothes are these? B. _____ _____ these clothes? VI．完形填空 This is our sitting-room. There is a picture 1 . the wall. Look at it, please. It"s a picture of my 2 . The man and the woman in the 3 are my father and my mother. Oh the right is my 4 , Kate. And the boy on the left is me. You see it"s a family of 5 people. This is my room. There is a big ball 6 my desk. My sister"s rooms__7 there. She 8 after her room very well. You can see a desk, too. But it is not big. 9 are some flowers on the desk. How 10 Kate"s room is! 1. A. in B. on C. at D. to 2. A. family B. home C. house D. people 3. A. left B. right C. middle D. behind 4. A. brother B. mother C. father D. sister 5. A. many B. much C. four D. three 6. A. on B. under C. in D. of 7. A. over B. up C. in D. at 8. A. takes B. sees C. watches D. looks 9.A. There B. These C. Those D. They 10. A. well B. nice C. fine D. good VII．阅读理解。判断正误：“√”或“×” This is our classroom. It is very big. It has very big windows. There are 45 students in our class. Everyone has a desk and a chair. They are all new. We look after them very well. In our classroom there are two blackboards. One is for the teacher and one is for the students. The walls are white and bright. On them there are some nice pictures, and there are two maps, too, a map of China and a map of the world. In the morning the students come to school very early, and the teacher comes to school early, too. We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We like our lessons very much. Our classroom is good. Our class is good, too. We like our class and our classroom. 1. The classroom is big, but the windows are small. 2. There are 45 desks and chairs in the classroom. 3. The students look after their desks and chairs very well. 4. There is one big blackboard in the classroom. 5. There is no blackboard for the students in the classroom. 6. There are two maps on the wall. 7. The students don"t come to school very early. 8. They have four lessons every day. 9. The classroom is nice and good. 10. They like their class and their classroom very much. 答案： I. 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C II. A) 1. sister 2. same 3. Tuesday 4. bread 5. wall B) 1-5 A B C D B C) 1. families 2. white 3. photo 4. their 5. his 6. Lucy"s 7. Japan 8. ninth 9. old 10. there III. 1-5 B A D A B 6-10 C D A C D 11-15 A B C D A 16-20 B B A .D C 21-25 A D A B A 26-30 B B B D A IV. A) 1. Are you American 2. Which boy 3. Oh, that"s my twin brother 4. We are 5. What row are you in B) 1.G 2.E 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.F 8.H 9.J 10.I V. 1. are, sheep 2. doesn"t, have 3. When, wash 4. What, do. 5. at, all 6. not any/a 7. Give, to 8. the time 9. is black 10. Whose are Ⅵ. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B VII. 1. × 2. √ 3. √ 4. × 5. × 6. √ 7. × 8. × 9. √ 10. √1. To shut your eyes to the facts,_A_many of you often do,is foolish. A.as B.what C.which D.that 2. ---What would you like to eat? ---I can eat_C_. A.something B.everything C.anything D.all 3. Why didn"t Jack ask for the job?He _C_it. A.might get B.could get C.could have got D.must have got 4. The lecture_A_me to death. A.bored B.forced C.killed D.put 5. The pictures that he_A_on the wall yesterday are very beautiful. A.hung B.hanged C.hanging D.was hanged 6. He achieved his aim_D_. A.by hard working B.through hard working C.working hard D.by hard work 7. My wallet is nowhere to be found.I_C_when I was on the bus. A.musy drop it B.should have dropped it C.must have dropped it D.had dropped it 8. _D_,we should be glad. A.They arrive tomorrow B.Were they arriving tomorrow C.They were to arrive tomorrow D.Were they to arrive tomorrow 9. I could have done it better if I_C_more time. A.have had B.had C.had had D.will have had 10. He was a good swimmer,so he_D_swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A.could B.might C.succeeded to D.was able to 11. _C_,that step is not safe! A.Look around B.Look up C.Look out D.Look down 12. Is there any_B_ medicine to cure that patient of his illness? A.efficient B.effective C.attractive D.enjoyable 13. Make greater efforts,and you are sure to reach your goal_A_. A.eventually B.especially C.effectively D.endlessly 14. As I felt so much better,my doctor_B_me to take a holiday by the sea. A.suggested B.advised C.considered D.made 15. Every picture has been sold_A_these two,so you"d better make a decision earlier. A.expect B.besides C.expect for D.beside 16. Seldom_B_him in the past two years. A.I have seen B.have I seen C.I saw D.did I see 17. ---He went to see the film last night. ---_A_. A.So he did,and so did I B.So did he,and so I did C.So he did,and so I did D.So did he,and so did I 18. I wish I_B_you better. A.know B.knew C.will know D.have known 19. This is the student_A_I know will pass the TOEFL test. A.who B.whom C.whose D.what 20. They are looking forward to_C_to the lecture by the famous professor. A.send B.be sent C.being sent D.sending 21. Not only_A_us light,but it gives us heat. A.does the sun give B.the sun gives C.gives the sun D.the sun does give 22. They were too dirty to walk;_B_,it was late. A.beside B.besides C.except D.yet 23. The book looked_C_it had been out in the rain. A.that B.whether C.as through D.what 24. My brother had a cold last week,so_B_I. A.had B.did C.am D.have 25. I haven"t met him for ages,but his mother_B_him quite often. A.had seen B.sees C.has seen D.saw 26. I sat near the entrance for a long time_A_him,but he didn"t arrive. A.expecting B.attending C.waiting D.excepting 27. I"m_D_in this newspaper. A.making a word puzzle B.having a puzzle word C.getting a word puzzle D.doing a word puzzle 28. I"m not_B_beautiful dreams.I want beautiful realities. A.content to B.content wit

小学知识点一般都是书上的单词，所以基本上把书本内容掌握就可以了一、学习用品pen钢笔　 pencil铅笔 pencil-case铅笔盒　 ruler尺子　 eraser橡皮 comic book漫画书 schoolbag书包 crayon蜡笔 Chinese book语文书 notebook笔记本 dictionary词典 bag包magazine杂志 story-book故事书 newspaper报纸 sharpener卷 post card明信片　English book英语书　 math book数学书　 　book书二、人体foot脚　 head头　 face脸　 hair头发　 nose鼻子 finger手指　 leg腿　 tail尾巴 mouth嘴　 eye眼睛　 ear耳朵　 arm手臂　 hand手　三、颜色red红　blue蓝　yellow黄　green绿　white白 pink粉红　purple紫　orange 橙 brown棕 black黑四、动物cat猫　dog狗　 pig猪　duck鸭　 rabbit兔　 horse马　elephant大象　fish鱼　 bird鸟　eagle鹰　snake蛇　 mouse老鼠　ant蚂蚁 beaver海狸　bear熊　 donkey驴 goose鹅 deer鹿 monkey猴 goat山羊 squirrel松鼠 panda熊猫 lion狮子　 tiger老虎　 fox狐狸　 zebra斑马　 hen母鸡　 giraffe长颈鹿　turkey火鸡 lamb小羊　sheep绵羊　cow奶牛 squid鱿鱼 　lobster龙虾 shark鲨鱼　seal海豹　sperm whale抹香鲸　 killer whale虎鲸 kangaroo袋鼠五、人物friend朋友　 boy男孩　girl女孩　 mother母亲 father父亲　 sister姐妹　 brother兄弟　man男人uncle叔叔；舅舅 　 woman女人　Mr.先生　 Miss小姐　 lady女士；小姐　 mom妈妈　 dad爸爸　 parents父母　 son儿子 daughter女儿 kid小孩 baby婴儿 grandparents祖父母　 grandma/grandmother（外）祖母　 robot机器人 grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父 visitor参观者aunt姑姑　 cousin堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹　classmate同学　queen女王　 neighbour邻居　 tourist旅行者 principal校长　people人物university student大学生　 pen pal笔友 　六、职业teacher教师　student学生　doctor医生　 nurse护士　 driver司机　farmer农民　 singer歌唱家　 writer作家　 actor男演员　 actress女演员　artist画家　 engineer工程师 　accountant会计 cleaner清洁工 salesperson销售员　baseball player棒球运动员　assistant售货员　police警察 policeman(男)警察 policewoman(女)警察 TV reporter电视台记者 weather reporter天气预报

一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [ ] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [Eu] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [C] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [Q] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a [E] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [E] hundred student open weekend [i] chicken pocket begin children i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [E] second tonight somebody welcome [Eu] also zero photo u [E] autumn diffcult [ju:] popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [Eu] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [Q] come monkey love mother 四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ar ar在[w]音后面 [a:] car farm dark sharpener [C:] warm quarter towards or or在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short [E:] word worker worse er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are [a:E] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [C:] more score before ure [ju:E] pure cure are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音. 例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象. 例如:orange very American paragraph 六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [aiE] air hair chair pair repair al在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all [C:l] always also salt almost bald [a:] half calm au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [iE] hear dear near clear year [εE] bear pear wear [E:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iE] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在 j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [Eu] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou/ow [au] flower house count down [Eu] know row throw though [Q] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [C:] journey ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit 七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [Eu] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]. 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [Fn] impression nation -sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [tFE n] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [VE] pleasure measure -ture [tFE] picture culture 八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读. 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[ ] blackboard[C:] 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音. 例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜 九,辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [tF] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [F] machine -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [dV] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast g g在e i/y前 [^] bag gardon go [dV] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue [^w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [dV] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column n n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [N] uncle thank hungry -ng [N] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s] muscle science sh [F] she fish shirt wash t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet [F] patient nation tch [tF] watch th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method [T] the these with than [T] clothe father weather tr- [tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] answer two wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] examle exist exact wr- [r] write y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo 重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号. 开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:bag egg fish not cup 多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读. 例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如:scien tific im pression nation

英语小故事（精选13篇） 　　读书让我们知道了很多奥秘，那些智慧和精彩，那些英明与穿透，让我们在惊叹的同时拈页展颜。 以下是我为大家整理的英语小故事，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。 　　英语小故事 篇1 　　A little panda picks up a pumpkin and wants to take it home. But the pumpkin is too big. The panda can"t take it home. 　　Suddenly she sees a bear riding a bike toward her. She watches the bike. “I know! I have a good idea.” she jumps and shouts happily, “I can roll a pumpkin. It"s like a wheel.” 　　So she rolls the pumpkin to her home. When her mother sees the big pumpkin, she is surprised, “Oh, my God! How can you carry it home?” the little panda answers proudly, “I can"t lift it, but I can roll it.” Her mother smiled and says，“What a clever girl! Use you heard to do something,” 　　英语小故事 篇2 　　There has been a long time for my family not to go out for the activity, because my father is busy all the time. But last week, my father finally finished his project, so that he could take a rest for some time. My father advised us to go to the zoo, I was so excited, because I hadn"t seen many animals in my life. In the zoo, there were so many people, it was so lively. I saw the monkey, the giraffe and so on. I saw these animals in the TV usually, but I saw them in front of me that day. The peacock impressed me so much, it looked homely when it laid down the ground, but when it stood up and opened the wings, it was so gorgeous. People said peacock was proud, indeed, it would not please people. I had a good time in the zoo. 　　英语小故事 篇3 　　When I was very small, I was so obsessed with the movie Harry Potter. I had watched all the series and I was so impressed by the role that acted by Emma Watson. Now so many years have passed, I keep paying attention to her. Emma is as smart as the role she plays. Though she keeps filming movies, she never gives up study. She got full A in her lesson and she could go to any top university, finally she went to Brown University. When she graduated, she was invited to give the speech He For Her. She called the men to be equal with the women. The speech was welcomed by the world and people gave great support. People call Emma the England rose, she is smart and elegant, which sets the good example for the England girls. 　　英语小故事 篇4 　　One day,a monkey drove his car near a lake.Sudden,he saw a tiger under a tree.The tiger saw him,too.The tiger ran very fast at the monkey.The monkey was very afraid and he and his car fell into the lake.The monkey couldn"t swim and he shouted.A rabbit came and he jumped into the lake.The rabbit swam to the monkey but did not help him.Both of them shouted for help.Luckily,a giraffe came along.He was very tall.He helped the rabbit and the monkey. 　　英语小故事 篇5 　　Weather Predict A film was on location deep in the. One day an old Indian went up to the director and, "Tomorrow rain." The next day it rained. A later, the Indian went up to the director and said, "Tomorrow." The next day there was a hailstorm. "This Indian is incredible," said the director. He told his secretary to hire the Indian to predict the weather. However, after several successful predictions, the old Indian didn"t show up for two weeks. Finally the director sent for him. "I have to shoot a big scene tomorrow," said the director, "and I"m depending on you. What will the weather be like?" The Indian shrugged his shoulders. "Don"t know," he said. "Radio is broken." 　　英语小故事 篇6 　　Once upon a time, there were two very good friends who lived together in the shade of a rock. Strange as it may seem, one was a lion and one was a tiger. They had met when they were too young to know the difference between lions and tigers. So they did not think their friendship was at all unusual. Besides, it was a peaceful part of the mountains, possibly due to the influence of a gentle forest monk who lived nearby. He was a hermit , one who lives far away from other people. 　　For some unknown reason, one day the two friends got into a silly argument. The tiger said, ;Everyone knows the cold netes when the moon wanes from full to new!; The lion said, ;Where did you hear such nonsense ? Everyone knows the cold netes when the moon waxes from new to full! 　　The argument got stronger and stronger. Neither could convince the other. They could not reach any conclusion to resolve the growing dispute. They even started calling each other names! Fearing for their friendship, they decided to go ask the learned forest monk, who would surely know about such things. 　　Visiting the peaceful hermit, the lion and tiger bowed respectfully and put their question to him. The friendly monk thought for a while and then gave his answer. ;It can be cold in any phase of the moon, from new to full and back to new again. It is the wind that brings the cold, whether from west or north or east. Therefore, in a way, you are both right! And neither of you is defeated by the other. The most important thing is to live without conflict, to remain united. Unity is best by all means. 　　The lion and tiger thanked the wise hermit. They were happy to still be friends. 　　英语小故事 篇7 　　IT was lovely summer weather in the country, and the golden corn, the green oats, and the haystacks piled up in the meadows looked beautiful. The stork walking about on his long red legs chattered in the Egyptian language, which he had learnt from his mother. The corn-fields and meadows were surrounded by large forests, in the midst of which were deep pools. It was, indeed, delightful to walk about in the country. In a sunny spot stood a pleasant old farm-house close by a deep river, and from the house down to the water side grew great burdock leaves, so high, that under the tallest of them a little child could stand upright. The spot was as wild as the centre of a thick wood. In this snug retreat sat a duck on her nest, watching for her young brood to hatch; she was beginning to get tired of her task, for the little ones were a long time coming out of their shells, and she seldom had any visitors. The other ducks liked much better to swim about in the river than to climb the slippery banks, and sit under a burdock leaf, to have a gossip with her. At length one shell cracked, and then another, and from each egg came a living creature that lifted its head and cried, “Peep, peep.” “Quack, quack,” said the mother, and then they all quacked as well as they could, and looked about them on every side at the large green leaves. Their mother allowed them to look as much as they liked, because green is good for the eyes. “How large the world is,” said the young ducks, when they found how much more room they now had than while they were inside the egg-shell. “Do you imagine this is the whole world?” asked the mother; “Wait till you have seen the garden; it stretches far beyond that to the parson"s field, but I have never ventured to such a distance. Are you all out?” she continued, rising; “No, I declare, the largest egg lies there still. I wonder how long this is to last, I am quite tired of it;” and she seated herself again on the nest. 　　“Well, how are you getting on?” asked an old duck, who paid her a visit. 　　英语小故事 篇8 　　Mother Pig sends her three little piglets out into the world to live on their own. 　　The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and eats the pig. The encounter between wolf and pig features ringing proverbial phrases: 　　One day the big bad wolf came and knocked on the first little pig"s door and said, "Little pig, little pig, let me come in." And the little pig answered, "No, no, I won"t let you come in, not by the hair on my chinny chin chin." "Well," said the wolf, "then I"ll huff and I"ll puff and I"ll blow your house in." So he huffed and he puffed and he blew the house down and ate the little pig. 　　The second pig builds a house of sticks, has the same conversation with the wolf, and meets the same fate. 　　The third pig builds a house of brick. The wolf cannot huff and puff hard enough to blow the house down. He attempts to trick the third little pig out of his house, but the pig outsmarts him at every turn. Finally, the wolf threatens to come down the chimney, whereupon the third little pig boils a pot of water into which the wolf plunges. The little pig cooks the wolf and eats him. 　　英语小故事 篇9 　　Once upon a time. There was a house. Beside the house there was a bird cage. One day a cat went to eat the bird, So the cat jumped and hit the bird cage. The bird cage fell down to the ground knocking the bird cage‘s door open. The bird then flew away. 　　So the cat started to chase the bird and the dog chased the cat. However the bird flew on top of the tree. So the cat started to climb the tree and the dog barked at the cat. Before the cat could reach the bird, the bird flew away. this caused the cat to fall out of the tree. The dog then ran away, The bird quickly flew back into his cage and the man from the house carried him safely home. 　　英语小故事 篇10 　　I have a dog,his name is Joy.He is very lovely like other dogs.When he feels happy,he always wags his tail.When he wants to eat food,he often follows me until I give him something to eat.I really like him.When I feel sad,he often stays with me as if he knew why I was sad.Thanks to him,he puts me out of my misery,so that I can live happily.He let me know dogs are human"s best friends. 　　My pet is a lovely dog.Its name is "dian dian".because there are a lot of black circle on its skin.the "dian dian" is very friendly.Many childen like play with him.His favourite food is meat bones.His favourite toy is a doll."dian dian " likes to run very much.It can run very fast and it has a girl friend.its name "na na".There are a lot of black circle on its skin,too.I like my pet very much.It is a good pet! 　　One day,my mother bought two little rabbits for me.I"m very happy. 　　From that on,the two little rabbits became my good friends.they have two little ears,red eyes,with white and fat boby.they"re marvellous. 　　Everyday,they play with each other happily.One day,I couldn"t find them.I asked my mother:”Where are they?” My mother told me that She didn"t know.At last,I found them in the grass.they were very dirty.I was angry,but when I looked at their lovely faces,I was happy again. 　　I love my little rabbits,and they love me.they are my good friends forever. 　　英语小故事 篇11 　　Once upon a time there was a baby eagle living in a nest perched on a cliff overlooking a beautiful valley with waterfalls and streams， trees and lots of little animals， scurrying about enjoying their lives. 　　The baby eagle liked the nest. It was the only world he had ever known. It was warm and comfortable， had a great view， and even better， he had all the food and love and attention that a great mother eagle could provide. Many times each day the mother would swoop down from the sky and land in the nest and feed the baby eagle delicious morsels of food. She was like a god to him， he had no idea where she came from or how she worked her magic. 　　The baby eagle was hungry all the time， but the mother eagle would always come just in time with the food and love and attention he craved. The baby eagle grew strong. His vision grew very sharp. He felt good all the time. 　　Until one day， the mother stopped coming to the nest. 　　The baby eagle was hungry. Im sure to die， said the baby eagle， all the time. 　　Very soon， death is coming， he cried， with tears streaming down his face. Over and over. But there was no one there to hear him. 　　Then one day the mother eagle appeared at the top of the mountain cliff， with a big bowl of delicious food and she looked down at her baby. The baby looked up at the mother and cried Why did you abandon me? Im going to die any minute. How could you do this to me? 　　英语小故事 篇12 　　There are many kinds of animals in the world. People don"t know the exact numbers. In the zoo, people can see many kinds of animals. For example, lions, tigers, they are scary. Monkey, foxes are intelligent. People usually think pandas; koala bears are so cute and smart. Some animals live in the water, such as dolphins. They need a lot of water for their home. And elephants with long nose are very strange. They can sing and dance. The giraffes are quite tall because of their long necks. So they can reach the top of the trees. 　　英语小故事 篇13 　　Elephant is the largest animal on land today. It weights some ninety kilograms and is about one metre high when born. When it is 12 years old, it studs over three meters and does not grow any more. Elephant is usually grey in color, having a long trunk with large ivory tusks protruding from each side of its mouth. Usually moving in groups and caring for each other, Elephant is know to be a very and gentle creamre. 　　For many years people have used the strength of these poweful animals to move trees and heavy logs. Elephant has been and is a vital tool for people to do many things that would normally be imposs-ible. Elephant is and will continue to be one of the greatest creatures man has ever come into contact with. Its size. beauty, and power willforever be useful to man. ;

1. 五年级下册英语小作文 楼上的什么东东？ 1.特殊的学校日 Today is school sports day. I am very excited. I like soccer. So I am watching the football match. It"s great. Our team is winning. I am very happy. 今天是学校的运动会。 我感到非常兴奋。 我很喜欢足球。 因此，我在观看球赛。 这球赛超棒的。 我们的团队胜利了。 我很开心。 2.季节与天气 My favorite season is autumn. I think it very cool. It is not so hot. But winter is so cold. So I don"t like winter. I like summer just so so. Because I can swim. Spring is a beautiful season. There are many flower and bird. 我最喜欢的季节是秋季。 我认为这非常凉爽。 它不是那么热。 但冬天又太寒冷。 因此，我不喜欢冬天。 我也喜欢夏天。 因为我可以游泳。 春天是一个美丽的季节。 有许多花和鸟。 3.农场 My uncle has a farm. It"s very big. There are many animals. Let me have a look, there are sheep,goats,cows,ducks,chicken, and a dog. The dog"s name is Tom. It"s my friend. We often play together. I like uncle"s farm. Because is beautiful and vast. 我叔叔有一个农场。 它非常大的。 还有很多动物。 让我看看， 有绵羊，山羊，奶牛，鸭，鸡， 和狗。 狗的名字是汤姆。 它是我的朋友。 我们经常在一起玩。 我喜欢叔叔的农场。 因为它很美丽和广阔。 4.假期 My summer vacation is ing. I will do many things. I"ll finish my homework first. Then,My fried and I will go to Shanghai. We will shopping all day. I think it"s very interesting. And I will make a birthday gift for my mom. It"s her birthday soon. I like playing puter. So I will play puter games. It"s the most interesting. I don"t like having math class. I think it"s the most boring. I will busy this vacation. 我的暑假即将到来。 我会做很多事情。 我会先完成我的作业。 之后，我和朋友将去上海。 我们将购物一整天。 我认为这会非常有趣。 我会为妈妈制作生日礼物。 不久就是她的生日。 我喜欢玩电脑。 因此，我会玩电脑游戏。 这是最有趣的。 我不喜欢上数学课。 我认为这是最无聊。 这个假期我会很忙。 2. 小学五年级下册英语作文大全 五年级英语作文 The step of summer Lightly, lightly, summer girl is ing to the world with slim and graceful step …… The grass grows much greener than before. The flowers e out more beautiful than before. There are more leaves in the trees than before. Everything makes us more youthful. Acpany the first cry of the cicada and the first shout of the frog …… The world is full of melody. All the bother is taken away by it. 自己再修改一下啊 Gradually, gradually, the air temperature turns higher and higher. The lotuses in the lakes e out happily. The dragonflies are busy laying eggs …… Ah! Summer is really ing! 3. 五年级下册英语的五篇作文怎么写 五年级英语作文一般是五句话 第一句介绍自己或别人 第二句就开始进入主题：如写一家人会干什么 第三第四句就写上面的内容的陈述 最后就结尾 对于青少年来说，学习如何交友是很重要的。 It"s important for teenagers to learn how to make friends. 虽然雨下得正大，但是对于他来说，看来不跑完最后的200米是不可能的。 Although it is raining heavily, it looks that it"s impossible for him not to finish the last 200 meters. 吃更多的蔬菜是有好处的。 It"s good to eat more vegetables. 对于我们来说拥有充足的睡眠是重要的。 It"s important for us to have enough sleep. 对于我们来说保持环境清洁是重要的。 It"s important for us to keep the environment clean. 嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。 It"s impolite to laugh at disabled people. 进行更多的锻炼对你的健康来说是有益的。 4. 英语作文五年级下册 In 20 years,I think I will bee a successful doctor.I am going to move to Beijing and work there. I think Beijing is more beautiful than the other cities in China.And I will have a happy family.I will spend time with my hu *** and and my kids on weekend.Of course,we will go on vacation together,too.Probably we also go to London.That is a nice place. And as a doctor,I will make people keep their health.And I will have more friends in the new city. In a work,I believe that I will improve my life in 20 years. 5. 五年级下册英语作文大全 参考网站：es from the north of China. But she grows up in Tianjing. She"s very beautiful. Her mom is very beautiful too. Her dad is very kind. She likes singing and swimming. Her mom likes listening to music. Her dad likes swimming.我有一个好朋友。 她的名字叫侯清清。她来自中国北方。 不过她是在天津长大的。她非常漂亮。 她妈妈也很美。她爸爸很和蔼。 她喜欢唱歌和游泳。她妈妈喜欢听音乐。 她爸爸喜欢游泳。Sometimes we go shopping. Usually we ride a bike and go to the cinema. This is fun.有时候我们会去购物。 我们常常骑自行车，看电影。这很有趣。 She doesn"t have sisters or brothers, so in the morning we go to school together. I want to be a designer. She wants to be a policewoman.她没有兄弟姐妹，所以我们早上是一起去学校的。我想成为一名设计师。 她想成为一名警察。 6. 五年级下册缩写作文 草船借箭缩写 周瑜看到诸葛亮挺有才干，心里很嫉妒。 周瑜用即将水上交战而军中缺箭的借口，马上命令诸葛亮十天之内造十万支箭，可是诸葛亮却说只要三天就可以做好，还立下了军令状。周瑜认为三天之内是不可能造好十万支箭的，于是命令鲁肃去探听。 诸葛亮见了鲁肃，便叫鲁肃要二十条船，要一千个草把子，鲁肃答应了。到了第三天的四更时，诸葛亮请鲁肃去取箭。这时大雾漫天，诸葛亮的船向北岸驶去，船头朝西，船尾朝东，一字排开，靠近曹军水寨。曹操以为有很多敌军进攻，便调来很多弓弩手朝船上射击。这时候，诸葛亮下令船头朝东，船尾朝西，一字排开。天渐渐亮了雾还没有散，诸葛亮的船驶去南岸，曹军知道上当了，要追也来不及了。终于靠岸了，周瑜来搬箭，发现每条船有五六千支箭，一共有十万多支箭。 鲁肃把借箭的事告诉周瑜，周瑜长叹一声：“诸葛亮神机妙算，我真比不上他。” 7. 五年级下册英语作文1 6.My dinner It"s 12 o"clock now. I"m hungry.I"d like to eat some sweet food for lunch.So,I like chocolate cake best. Chocolate cake is sweet and de licious.I also like potatoes, eggplant,bananas and watermelons. They are tasty and yummy.They are all my favourite food . 7.Let " s do the housework There are 4 people in my family,my father, my mother,my sister and I.On the weekend,my father often waters the flowers and sweeps t he floor.My mum often cooks the meals and washes our clothes.My sister often cleans her bedroom.I often empty the trash. We are ha ppy at home. 8.My day Today is Sunday. The weather report says It is sunny in the morning,but it " s a little rainy in the afternoon. SoI get up at 6:30 in the morning.I have some beef noodles and an egg for breakfast. I go out for shopping at 8:00. The shop is near . I go there on foot. Many people are in the shop. I buy a pencil . At 12:00 I go home for lunch. I have some vegetable and meat for lunch. I read a book in the afternoon because of the rain. I eat some noodles and fruit for supper. After supper, I do my homework. then I watch TV at 8. Later, I play puter games. I go to bed at 9. I have a happy day. 9.My friend " s favorite season My friend is Chen Zhiwei.His favorite season is summer. It is hot in summer. He can wear a shirt and shorts. In summer, we have summer vacation. On vacation, we don"t go to school. We can play basketball in the morning. In summer vacation, He can go swimming every day. Sometimes, he can climb the mountains with his parents. They usually go hiking. Sometimes they go to the beach. It is so funny!This is his favorite season-summer. How about yours? 10.Mike " s birthday Today is June 1 st , It is Mike " s birthday. He is so happy. Because he can wear his new T-shirt and have a picnic in the park. In park, we open a big box and say "Happy birthday to you,Mike.This is for you " "Oh, It " s a big birthday cake.Thank you ! "” Let " s share it. ” Then we play games together. At 4 o"clock.We go home. We have a happy day today! 11.My busy family It is Saturday today.My family are busy at home..Look, what are we doing now? My father is sweeping the floor.My mother is paintng in the study.My sisiter is doing the dishes in the kitchen. And I" m emptying the trash. I " m so helpful now! 12.Animals Look,there are so many anlmals in the forest.I can 3 monkeys,a mother monkey and 2 baby monkeys.The mother monkey is swinging and the baby monkeys are standing in the tree.I can see a big elephant,it is walking.I can also see a rabbit and o tigers.The rabbit is eating a carrot.The tigers are running.Can you see any birds ? Yes,they are flying in the sky. I love all anlmals! 13.Our field trip（ 同 3） 14.my family（ 略 ） 15.My summer holiday My summer holiday is ing.What do I want to do,do you know?Now , let me tell you. First,I am going to the nature park with my friends and have a picnic there. Then , I " m going shopping with my mother,because I like going shopping I" m going to buy some clothes for me because some of my clothes are old.. Next, I am going to do my homework and play puter games. In the afternoon,I am going to play sports with my friends This is my happy summer holiday. I can " t wait! 16.Do the housework（ 同 7） 17.My bedroom I have a bedroom .It is not big , but it is nice .There is a bed in my bedroom . A yellow dog is on the bed .Every night,I sleep with it . Next to the bed, there is a desk. A bear lamp is on the desk .I like the bear lamp. I like to do homework under the lamp every evening. I have a new puter in my bedroom .It is my best friend . Because I study on it, play on it . There are also some beautiful pictures on the wall. 18.Spring in my home town In spring, the weather is warm and windy. Sometimes it is rainy.The trees get green and flowers e out.. Animals get up. Birds sing in the trees everyday. They are very happy. We wear jackets and trousers.We can fly kites or go hiking in spring. Ilike spring very much.。 8. pep小学英语五年级下册 全部单元作文 My weekend There are o days on the weekend, Saturday and Sunday. On Saturday, I often go to my dancing class in the morning and do my homework in the afternoon, and I often help my mother do some cleaning. On Sunday, I always visit my grandparents in the morning and do some reading in the afternoon. After dinner, I often watch TV with my parents. At that time, we can talk with each other and say something happily. We often have a good time. My Seasons We have four seasons in a year. I can do many interesting things in each season. In spring, the weather is cool and wind, I can fly kites when it"s wind. And I can go hiking with my family when it"s sunny and cool. I like hiking. Summer is hot in the north of China, but it"s not long time. I often go swimming. It can make me healthy and strong. I can also wear my beautiful dresses. Fall is a season with harvest. And I can eat delicious fruits in this season. I can watch the leaves fall. Winter es, it"s often snowy in winter in my hometown. When it snows, everything is white. We can play with snow and make a snowman, skate and ski. And winter is my favourite season, because of the Spring Festival. I love seasons. I love the nature. My Birthday Party Every year, when it"s birthday, my parents hold a party for me. They invite my friend to e to my house to celebrate my birthday. I can get many beautiful gifts every year. In my party, we can do many things: 1. Light the candles. 2. Sing a “Happy Birthday” song. 3. Make a wish. 4. Blow out the candles. 5. Cut off the cake. 6. Eat the cake. 7. Open the presents. 8. Sing and dance. 9. Watch videos or play other games. 10. Say goodbye with each other. That"s my birthday party, is it interesting? My family There are five people in my family. They are my grandma, grandpa, dad, mom and I. Look! Grandma is watching TV. Grandpa is reading a book. Dad is writing an e-mail. Mom is cooking dinner. I am doing my homework. I love my family! A Field Trip It is a nice day. Our class will have a field trip today. The clas *** ates are very excited. Look! Here we are. There"re a lot of activities to do. Amy is watching insects. Peter is collecting leaves. They want to write a report. Mandy is catching butterflies in the woods. Tim and Bob are playing chess. Some of the clas *** ates are having a picnic. There is a lot of delicious food to eat. Oh, who"s that over there? It"s Miss White. What is she doing? She is taking photos. We had a very good time. I"ll never fet this field trip.。 9. 5年级下5篇英语作文,急 1.my fatherI have a good father. I like him very much.My father is a policeman. He is tall and strong. He looks very cool in the black police uniform. He works in the police station and he is very busy every day. He likes helping people. So he often goes everywhere by his motor cycle. When he sees the people in the trouble, he will try his best to help the people. He is a good policeman. And many people like him very much, too. My father likes reading books very much. Because he thinks: A good book is a good friend. do you have a good father, too? 2.My pet is a cat,It"s very lovely.I like her very much,I often feed her when she is hungry,She eats fish,I feed her with not only fish but also milk and other delicious food I like to eat,they are all nutritious.I play with her when I"m free,she likes climbing and jumping.she can jump down from high wall without any injury.I wash her once a week to keep her clean.Sometimes when I"m not happy she lie down by me and apany me.3.My English teacher appears very beautiful and she looks about 40 years old.She has a son.Our English teacher is very strict with us,and sometimes,she is very friendly and kind to us.She is also humorous.On the April Fools" Day,she said to us,"you are going to have a holiday this afternoon".Many students thought it true.Many students dare not talk,because she is very strict.We are afraid that we cannot pass the exam,because the teacher will criticise us if we don"t pass.She doesn"t give us too much homework,and she doesn"t give us too much pressure.Sometimes,we like our Engllish teacher.4.Now it is summer.How hot is it!There is no wind and most of us stay at home.We drink cool water,eat fruits and so on.And other people are swimming now,they must be very cool!What about you?5.It was winter.It was really very cold. I felt very cold,so I stayed at home to do my homework. The snow was so thick that some chidren were making a snowman. The snowman was fat and it was also very cute!。

class Basket{private string things;//开始不装东西public A(){}//开始装东西public A(string things){this.things = things;}//拿出来public string getThings(){return things;}//放进去public void setThings(string things){this.things = things;}}//交换：放到main方法里Basket a = new Basket("eggs");Basket b = new Basket("apple");string Athings,Bthings;Athings = a.getThings();Bthings = b.getThings();a.setThings(Bthings);b.setThings(Athings);//自己写输出语句验证一下即可

新目标英语七年级下期末卷 笔试部分 （120分） A卷 （70分） 一、 单项选择题（20分） ( )1. _______ tall a boy he is! A. What a B. How C. How a D. What ( )2. There ______ some money and many books on the desk. A. is B. have C. has D. are ( )3. Would you mind me ________the windows? A. to open B. open C. opening D. opens ( )4. You"d better _______ up, because the students behind you can"t see it. A. don"t stand B. not stand C. not to stand D. to stand ( )5.Would you please ______ that book ____me? A. pass ; to B. to pass; for C. to buy ; to D. give; for ( )6. He has little money , ____ _____? A. isn"t he B. doesn"t he ? C. does he D. can"t he? ( )7. What about _______with us? A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays ( )8. Don"t shout in the hallway, ____ _____? A. shall we B. will you C. don"t you D. aren"t you ( )9. We had great fun _______(chat)with him outside class. A. chat B. to chat C. are chatting D. chatting. ( )10. ----I like Animals World. How about you? ----I agree ____you. A. to B. about C. on D. with ( )11. _____ was the weather yesterday? It"s rainy. A. How B. What C. What a D. How a ( )12. What ______he _____? He"s outgoing. A. is ----like B. does----look like C. is---doing D. is; X ( )13. ____ is it today? It"s Sunday. A. What date B. What day C. When D. What time ( )14. Linling, a ________ girl is playing chess with our teacher. A. eight-years-old B. eight-year-old C. eight years old D. eight year old ( )15. Don"t have your younger sister _____here. A. to come B. comes C coming D. is coming ( )16. He knows ______Chinese, so he can"t understand us. A. little B. a little C. a few D. few ( )17. _______ others is a happy thing. A.Help B. Helping C. Helps D. Helped ( )18. Mr Green has two daughters, ____is Kate, and ______is Kathy. A. one; others B. a; one C. one; the other D. another; one. ( )19. All the _____ are very friendly ____us. A. women teachers; to B.men teachers; with C. women teachers; for D. woman teachers; to. ( )20. Changjiang river is the third ________river in the world. A. long B. longer C. longest 二、 完形填空（20分） Newton was a great English scientist (科学家). He was one of the greatest 1 in history. One morning he 2 up early and began to work on difficult problem. It was 3 to have breakfast, 4 he was thinking about the problem. Mary brought a pan ( 平底锅) of water and an egg to his room. She was going to boil(煮)the eggs 5 him. But Newton wanted to stay by himself. He 6 to Mary, Please put the egg 7 the table. I"ll boil it.” Mary put the egg 8 Newton"s watch on the table and said, “Boil the egg for four minutes(分钟) and it will be ready.” Then she walked out of the room. Mary was afraid Newton would forgot( 忘记) to boil the egg. She went to his room again an hour later. What did she 9 ? Newton was standing by the pan, having the 10 in his hand. He had put the watch in the pan and was boiling it. ( )1. A. man B. men C. woman D. women ( )2. A.got B. stood C. sat D. put ( )3. A. time B. food C. drink D. him ( )4. A. and B.. but C.when D.where ( )5. A. by B. with C. for D. to ( )6. A. told B. said C. asked D. talked ( )7. A.on B. under .C. beside D.in ( )8. A. on B. under C. behind D. beside ( )9. A. look B. watch C. see D. saw ( )10. A.egg B. watch C. book D. pen 三、 阅读理解（30分） A Miss Lee is only twenty-one. She is tall and thin, and she has brown, long hair. She likes children and her teaching work. From Monday to Friday she stays at school and gives the children classes. She has much work to do, but she often plays games with her students after school . The children like her very much. On Sunday she drives her car to her father"s house and stays with her father and mother. Sometimes she goes to see her friends on Sundays. She drives back to school on Monday morning. She likes singing, dancing(跳舞) and swimming . She is a nice teacher. ( )1. Miss Lee is a ______teacher. A. very good B. very old C. good English D. good Chinese ( )2. Which is right? A. She has no work to do and often plays with the children. B. She plays with the children from Monday to Friday. C. She likes her students and plays games with them. D. She always (总是) works, but doesn"t play at all. ( )3. She goes and sees her friends _____. A. every day B. on Sunday C. on Saturday D. on Friday ( )4. Miss Lee goes home _______. A. in her car B. on a bus C. on foot D. by her car ( )5. Miss Lee likes _______. A. driving B. cooking C. running D. teaching B . American boys and girls love to watch television. Some children spend six hours a day in school and four to six hours a day in front of the television set. Some even watch television for eight hours or more on Saturday. Televisions are like books or films. A child can learn bad things and good things from them. Some programmes(节目) help children to understand (理解)the news, others show people and places from other countries or other time in history. With television a child does not have to go to the zoo to see animals to the ocean to see a ship. Boys and girls can see a play, a concert or a game at home. Television brings many places and events into our homes. Some programmes show crime(犯罪) and other things that are bad for children, so parents sometimes help them to find other interesting things to do. ( )1. Some children spend eight hours more _______. A. studying B. playing games C. watching TV D. helping their parents. ( )2. On television children can see _____. A. games B. big animals C. oceans D. almost everything ( )3. Children usually spend _______ a day in school. A. six hours B. more than eight hours C. only a few hours D. four hours. ( )4. “Television brings places and events into homes” means_____. A. television makes things happen in homes B. we can know places and events without going to see them. C. we can see houses and buildings on TV. E. we can find them easily. ( )5. Parents sometimes help their children find other things to do when there is ____ for children . A. a bad programme B. an animal C. a game D. an uninteresting film C Of all the festivals, the Spring Festival is the most important in China. Several days before the Chinese New Year, people clean out their houses, take down the old pictures and put up new ones. On new Year"s Eve, they have special family dinner, Everybody , even from far away, tries to come home for this celebration (庆祝). During dinner they eat and chat, and then they watch the New Year TV programs. The celebrations usually last 15 days. On the first day of the New Year, the Chinese get up early and say “Happy New Year” to each member of the family. On the second and third days, they go to visit their friends and relatives. The 15th day of the first moon is the Lantern Festival. In the evening there are lantern shows or lion dances in parks and streets. People, both young and old, go out to enjoy themselves. Sometimes they sing and dance late into the night. ( )1. ----What does “chat” mean? ----It means _______. A.唱歌 B. 闲谈 C.喝酒 （ ）2. ---- What is the Chinese for “last”? ---- The Chinese is _______. A. 最后的 B. 上一个 C. 持续 （ ）3. ---What"s the Chinese for “late into the night”? A. 到深夜 B. 到傍晚 C. 到午后 （ ）4. The Chinese usually ______ after dinner on New Year"s Eve. A. go to a party and dance B. watch the New Year TV programs C. go to visit their friends ( )5. The Lantern Festival is _______. A. the fifth of the first lunar month B. the first of the first lunar month C.the fifteenth of the first lunar month B卷（50分） 四、 句型转换。写出所给出的句子的同意句。（20分） 1. They had a good time last Sunday. = They _____ ______last Sunday. 2. My computer doesn"t work. = Something is ____ _____ the computer. 3. What do you think of game shows? = ____do you ___game shows. 4. Colin is the tallest boy in our class. = Colin is ____ _____ any other boy in our class. 5. The news is very interesting. = ______ _______ the news is! 6. Jim didn"t have breakfast. He went to school . = Jim _____to school ______ breakfast. 7. It"s time to have lunch now. = It"s time ____ _____now. 8. How is the weather ? = _____the weather ____? 9. She spent 20 yuan on this pen. = She _____ this pen ____20 yuan. 10. I will make a card for my English teacher on Teachers" Day. = I will make ____ ______ a card on Teachers" Day. 五、 短文填空。（20分） Dear D_____ Know, It"s not f _______. I have too many r _______ in my family. I h _____ to get up at six every morning , then I have to practise s _______ English. I can"t meet my friends after school because I have to w _______ my dog. O _____school nights, I can"t watch TV. And I have to be in bed b ______ten o"clock . On weekends I have to m _______ my bed and clean my room. Then I have to w _____the dishes. In the afternoon, I have to go to the children"s Palace to learn the p ________. I n _____have any fun. What s______I do? 六、 书面表达。（10分） 为你的班上制定班规，不得少于10条。 The rules for our class.

Ugly DucklingThe countryside was lovely. It was summer. The wheat was golden and the oats were still green. The hay was stacked in the low-lying meadows. There lay great woods around the fields and meadows. There were deep lakes in the midst of the woods. In the sunniest spot stood an old mansion surrounded by a deep moat. Great leaves grew from the vines on the walls of the house right down to the water"s edge. Some of the leaves were so big that a child could use them as an umbrella.In the depths of a forest a duck was sitting in her nest. Her little ducklings were about to be hatched.At last one egg after another began to crack." Cheep, cheep!" the ducklings said." Quack, quack!" said the duck. " How big the world is!" said all the young ones.But the biggest egg was still there. And then she settled herself on the nest again."Well, how are you getting on?" said an old duck who came to pay her a visit." This egg is taking such a long time," answered the sitting duck."The shell will not crack, but the others are the finest ducklings. They are like their father.""let me look at the egg which won"t crack," said the old duck." You may be sitting on a turkey"s egg! I have been cheated like that once. Yes. it"s a turkey"s egg! You had better leave it alone and teach the other children to swim.""I will sit on it a little longer."At last the big egg cracked. How big and ugly the baby was! " That is a very big duckling." she said, " None of the others look like that. Can he be a turkey"s chick? I will soon find out. I will make him go into water."The next day the mother duck with her family went down to the moat. She said, and one duckling jumped in after another.The big ugly one swam about with them." No, that is no turkey," she said," Quack, quack! Now come with me and I will take you into the world. Keep close to me all the time. Be careful of the cat!" The first day passed, and everything was fine.Afterwards, matters grew worse and worse. The poor duckling was chased and harassed by all the ducklings because he was very ugly.The ducks bit him, the hens pecked him. and the girl who fed them kicked him aside. Then he ran off and soon came to a great marsh where the wild ducks lived.He was so tired and miserable that he stayed there the whole night.In the morning the wild ducks flew up to see their new friend." You are very ugly," said the wild ducks," but that does not matter to us." He stayed there two whole days . And then two wild geese came. Just at that moment the sound of "Bang! Bang!" was heard, and both the wild geese fell dead among the reeds.It was a terrible shock to the poor duckling.A big dog appeared close beside him. He showed his sharp teeth and went on without touching him."Oh, thank Heaven! I am so ugly that even the dog won"t bite me!" sighed the duckling.In the evening he reached a little cottage where an old woman lived with her cat and her hen. Her eyesight was not good, and she thought the duckling was a fat duck. will be rich if I have duck eggs," she said. So she took in the duckling for three weeks, but he laid no eggs.The cat was the master of the house and the hen was the mistress."Can you lay eggs?" asked the hen."No," answered the duckling."Then you had better go out into the wide world," said the cat. So away went the duckling.One evening the sun was just setting when a flock of beautiful large birds appeared out of the bushes.The duckling thought," I"ve never seen anything so beautiful."They were dazzlingly white with long necks. They were swans. He did not know what the birds were.The winter was so bitterly cold that the duckling swam about in the water to keep himself from freezing.The sun began to shine warmly again. The larks were singing and beautiful spring had come. Then, all at once, the duckling raised his wings and they flapped with much greater strength than before. Before he knew it, he found himself in a large garden where the apple trees were in full blossom and long branches of lilacs overhung the shores of the lake.Just in front of him he saw three beautiful white swans swimming towards him."I will fly to them and they will hack me to pieces because I am so ugly. But it doesn"t matter. I would rather be killed by them than be bitten by the ducks or pecked by the hens." So he flew into the water and swam towards the swans. They saw him and darted towards him."Kill me! Oh, kill me!" said the poor duckling, and he waited for his death bowing his head towards the water.But what did he see in the clear water? He was no longer a dark gray ugly bird. He was himself a swan!Some children came into the garden with corn and pieces of bread, which they threw into the water.The smallest child shouted with joy," There is a new one." The other children shouted, "Yes, a new one has come."He said to himself, " I never dreamed that I could be so happy when I was the ugly duckling!"拓展资料：作者简介：汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生(HeinzChristianAndersen1805—1875)丹麦作家。1805年4月2日生于丹麦菲英岛欧登塞的贫民区。父亲是个穷鞋匠，曾志愿服役，抗击拿破仑·波拿巴的侵略，退伍后于1816年病故。当洗衣工的母亲不久即改嫁。安徒生从小就为贫困所折磨，先后在几家店铺里做学徒，没有受过正规教育。少年时代即对舞台发生兴趣，幻想当一名歌唱家、演员或剧作家。1819年在哥本哈根皇家剧院当了一名小配角。后因嗓子失润被解雇。从此开始学习写作，但写的剧本完全不适宜于演出，没有为剧院所采用。1822年得到剧院导演约纳斯·科林的资助，就读于斯莱厄尔瑟的一所文法学校。这一年他写了《青年的尝试》一书，以威廉·克里斯蒂安·瓦尔特的笔名发表。这个笔名包括了威廉·莎士比亚、安徒生自己和司各特的名字。1827年发表第一首诗《垂死的小孩》 ，1829年，他进入哥本哈根大学学习。他的第一部重要作品《1828和1829年从霍尔门运河至阿迈厄岛东角步行记》于1829年问世。这是一部富于幽默感的游记，颇有德国作家霍夫曼的文风。这部游记的出版使安徒生得到了社会的初步承认。此后他继续从事戏剧创作。1831年他去德国旅行，归途中写了旅游札记。1833年去意大利，创作了一部诗剧《埃格内特和美人鱼》和一部以意大利为背景的长篇小说《即兴诗人》(1835)。小说出版后不久，就被翻译成德文和英文，标志着作者开始享有国际声誉。寓意：比喻不被关注的小孩子或年轻人，有时也指刚刚出现、不为人注意的事物。丑小鸭历经千辛万苦、重重磨难之后变成了白天鹅，那是因为它心中有着梦想，梦想支撑着它。是金子早晚会发光。命运其实没有轨迹，关键在于对美好境界、美好理想的追求。人生中的挫折和痛苦是不可避免的，要学会把它们踩在脚下，每个孩子都会有一份属于自己的梦想，只要他们学会树立生活目标，在自信、自强、自立中成长，通过拼搏他们会真正的认识到自己原来也可以变成“白天鹅”，也可以像丑小鸭一样实现心中的梦想，人只要有了梦想，那么，困难也不再是困难了。

　　Plot summary 　　　　The main events of the novel take place in the summer of 1922. Nick Carraway, aYale graduate and World War I veteran from the Midwest — who serves as the novel"s narrator — takes a job in New York as a bond salesman. He rents a small house on Long Island, in the (fictional) village of West Egg, next door to the lavish mansion of Jay Gatsby, a mysterious millionaire who holds extravagant parties. Nick drives around the bay to East Egg for dinner at the home of his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, and her husband, Tom, a college acquaintance of Nick"s. They introduce Nick to Jordan Baker, an attractive, cynical young golfer with whom Nick begins a romantic relationship. She reveals to Nick that Tom has a mistress, Myrtle Wilson, who lives in the "valley of ashes": an industrial dumping ground between West Egg and New York City. Not long after this revelation, Nick travels to New York City with Tom and Myrtle to an apartment they keep for their affair. At the apartment, a vulgar and bizarre party ends with Tom breaking Myrtle"s nose after she taunts Tom about Daisy. 　　As the summer progresses, Nick eventually receives an invitation to one of Gatsby"s parties. Nick encounters Jordan Baker at the party, and they meet Gatsby himself, an aloof and surprisingly young man who recognizes Nick from their same division in the war. Through Jordan, Nick later learns that Gatsby knew Daisy from a romantic encounter in 1917 and is deeply in love with her. He spends many nights staring at the green light at the end of her dock, across the bay from his mansion, hoping to one day rekindle their lost romance. Gatsby"s extravagant lifestyle and wild parties are an attempt to impress Daisy in the hopes that she will one day appear again at Gatsby"s doorstep. Gatsby now wants Nick to arrange a reunion between himself and Daisy. Nick invites Daisy to have tea at his house, without telling her that Gatsby will also be there. After an initially awkward reunion, Gatsby and Daisy reestablish their connection. They begin an affair and, after a short time, Tom grows increasingly suspicious of his wife"s relationship with Gatsby. At a luncheon at the Buchanans" house, Gatsby stares at Daisy with such undisguised passion that Tom realizes Gatsby is in love with her. Though Tom is himself involved in an extramarital affair, he is outraged by his wife"s infidelity. He forces the group to drive into New York City, where he confronts Gatsby in a suite at thePlaza Hotel. Tom asserts that he and Daisy have a history that Gatsby could never understand. In addition to that, he announces to his wife that Gatsby is a criminal whose fortune comes from bootlegging alcohol and other illegal activities. Daisy realizes that her allegiance is to Tom, and Tom contemptuously sends her back to East Egg with Gatsby, attempting to prove that Gatsby cannot hurt him.　　　　.　　When Nick, Jordan, and Tom drive through the valley of ashes, however, they discover that Gatsby"s car has struck and killed Myrtle, Tom"s lover. Nick later learns from Gatsby that Daisy was driving the car at the time of the accident, but that Gatsby intends to take the blame. The next day, Tom tells Myrtle"s husband, George, that Gatsby was the driver of the car. George, who has leapt to the conclusion that the driver of the car that killed Myrtle must have been her lover, tracks Gatsby to his mansion and fatally shoots both Gatsby and then himself. Nick then stages an upsettingly small funeral for Gatsby, ends his relationship with Jordan, and moves back to the Midwest disillusioned with the Eastern lifestyle.推荐你用维基百科 先用中文搜索 然后转成英文就行了 非常好用。

　　东方节日：　　元旦；春节；元宵节；清明节；端午节；中秋节；农历重阳节；农历火把节；三月街；敖包会；那达慕大会；泼水节；雪顿节；开斋节；古尔邦节；国际妇女节；植树节；国际劳动节；青年节；母亲节；国际儿童节；中国共产党成立纪念日；七夕节；建军节；教师节；国庆节，除夕。　　西方节日：　　除了东方也有的国际节日以外，还有新年；情人节；耶酥受难日；复活节；愚人节；母亲节；父亲节；劳动节；万圣节；感恩节；圣诞节。　　重要性：表现出一个国家和民族独具一格的文化传统，体现出文化的多样性和丰富性。　　1月1日　　新年（new year"s day )　　犹太历七月的第一天;　　伊斯兰教历第一个月的第一天;　　格列高利历 (Gregorian calendar),公历或阳历。为纪念1582年罗马教皇格列高利十三世（Pope Gregory XIII）采用此历而命名的。　　按阳历或公历，新年从1月1日（January 1）开始。在元旦这一天，人们辞旧迎新（to see the old year out and the new year in）。　　2月14日　　情人节(valentine"s day)　　情人节( Saint Valentine"s Day)是英美等国一个十分重要的节日，时间是每年的2月14日。　　关于情人节的起源有许多不同的解释，现在大多无法考证，其中比较流行的说法是：它是为了纪念罗马基督教殉道者St ?Valentine而设的。相传他在2 月14日即将被斩首之前，凭借自己执著的爱恋之情的魔力使双目失明的女儿重见光明。　　值得注意的是情人节不仅仅是年轻人的节日，也是一个大众化的节日。情人节这一天，不仅仅情侣们互赠卡片和礼物，人们也给自己的父母、老以及其他受自己尊敬和爱戴的人赠礼物和卡片。　　复活节前的星期五　　耶稣受难日(good friday)　　3月12日　　复活节(easter)　　复活节（Easter）是基督教耶酥复活的重大节日。对基督徒而言，复活节仅次于圣诞节。　　公元325年，尼西亚会议决定，为纪念基督教的创始人耶酥复活，将每年的春分月圆后的第一个星期日（the first Sunday following the first full moon after March 21）定为复活节,所以，复活节每年的具体日期不确定。又因为复活节总是在星期天，所以它的英文说法可以是Easter/Easter Day，也可以是Easter Sunday。从复活节开始以后的一周称为复活节周（Easter Week），在此期间，教徒每天进行祈祷。　　复活节前40天有一个大斋期称为四月斋（ Lent ），是从基督教的圣灰星期三（ Ash Wednesday ）起至复活节前一天为止的40天，这主要是为了纪念耶酥在荒野禁食（ ）40天而绝食或忏悔。大斋期为信徒们提供了一赎罪（penance）、斋戒（fasting）、自制（self-denial）和忏悔（repentance）的机会，要求信徒们涤净过去一年中的劣行与罪过。　　按照基督教的习惯，在复活节的前一天，教徒们要举行夜间祈祷。这天晚上，教堂里灯火全部熄灭，意味着世界一片黑暗。等到午夜的钟声一响，神父手持一枝点燃的蜡烛（象征基督光芒），走进教堂，将各个教徒手中的蜡烛点燃，不一会儿，整个教堂被众多的蜡烛光照得通明，祈祷也就随之结束。　　复活节这一天要举行宗教仪式和活动, 如“圣餐”等，人们见面的第一句话就是“主复活了”（The Lord"s risen）。然后人们互赠彩蛋（Easter egg），小孩吃兔子糖，讲兔子的故事。按西方国家的习俗，彩蛋 和兔子是 复活节的典型象征和吉祥物。　　复活节的下一个星期一　　复活节星期一(easter monday)　　4月1日。　　愚人节(all fool"s day)　　愚人节（April Fool"s Day/All Fool"s Day）是一个比较特殊的节日。时间是每年的4月1日（April 1st）。按照西方国家的习俗，在愚人节这一天，人们可以任意说谎骗人，愚弄他人。骗人越高，越能得到推崇。在愚人节受到愚弄的人被称为 April Fool ( 4月愚人）。按照他们的习惯，当一个人成功地使别人受到愚弄时，他就会笑着说 ，这时受愚弄的人恍然大悟，也会跟着哈哈大笑。　　愚人节活动活跃气氛,放松一下大脑,为人们的生活增添一些乐趣,本不是件坏事。但是开玩笑或愚弄人应该有个分寸，要适可而止，不要只是一味地追求骗术的高明，而不顾他人的承受性，也就是说不要把自己的一时高兴建立在别人的痛苦之上。　　5月的第二个星期日　　母亲节(mother"s day)　　母亲节( Mother"s Day)是英美等国家为了表达对母亲的敬意而设的一个节日。日期是每年的5月第二个星期日（the 2nd Sunday in May）。　　母亲节起源于19世纪60年代的美国。据说当时在美国 Philadelphia 有一个小地方，人们之间彼此关系不十分友好，经常打架。当时有一位叫 Mrs Jarvis 的女士希望能改变这种状况，于是她就开始了一个所谓“母亲友谊节”（Mother"s Friendship Day）。在母亲友谊节这一天便去看望其他人的母亲，并劝她们能和好如初。 于 1905年5月9 日去世，她的女儿Miss Anna Javis 继承了她的事业，继续努力，并决心建立一个纪念母亲的节日。于是她开始给当时有影响的人写信，提出自己的建议。在她的努力下， Philadelphia 于1908年5 月10 日第一次庆祝了母亲节。　　每逢母亲节，做儿女的会送给自己的母亲节日贺卡（Mother"s Day Cards）、鲜花（flowers）以及母亲们喜欢的精美礼物（presents）等，同时，在这一天做父亲的会领着子女们包揽家务，以便让做母亲的有个休息的机会。　　6月的第三个星期日　　父亲节(father"s day)　　每年的6月的第三个星期日（）。主要在美国和加拿大。　　父亲节( Father"s Day)起源与20世纪初的美国。据说当时在华盛顿州有一位名叫的人，她年幼丧母，兄弟姐妹六人全靠父亲抚养成人。父亲的这种既为人父，又为人母的自我牺牲精神极大地感动了她。长大后，她积极倡导父亲节，并说服当时华盛顿的Ministerial Society of Spokane作一次特殊的礼拜仪式向父亲们表达敬意。后来在1916年她的建议得到了Woodwork Wilson总统的官方承认。 从此父亲节便成为了美国的一项传统节日。　　按照习惯，父亲节这一天，做孩子的通常一大早就起床`给父亲做一顿丰盛的早餐，端到父亲的床头，感谢父亲的养育之恩。另外，父亲节这一天，孩子们还向父亲赠送礼物，所送的一般是父亲喜欢的衣服和爱喝的酒。　　9月的第一个星期一　　劳动节(labor day)　　这个的由来不用说了吧　　10月31日　　万圣节前夕(halloween)　　按照基督教的习惯，每年的11月1 日为万圣节，是纪念所有圣徒的日子。万圣节前夕便是万圣节的前一天，即10月31日。在中世纪的英格兰，万圣节被叫做 All Hallow ，大家知道，"前夕"的英语是eve , 所以万圣节前夕便由Halloween + eve 演变成 Halloween 。　　在英国，万圣节前夕可以说是一个鬼节。因为大多数活动都与“鬼”有关。每到万圣节前夕这天晚上，人们就围坐在火炉旁，讲述一些有关鬼的故事，有时让一些在场的小孩听起来好生害怕。有的人把萝卜或甜菜头挖空，做成一个古怪的头形的东西，在上面刻上嘴和眼睛，在其内放上一枝点燃的蜡烛，看上去古怪、让人害怕，然后把它挂在树枝上或大门上，据说这样可以驱逐妖魔鬼怪。　　在美国，人们制作“杰克灯”或叫“南瓜灯”（Jack-o"-lantern）。小孩们身穿古怪的服装，头戴面具，装扮成鬼怪的形象，手里提着一盏南瓜灯，从一家走到另一家，在大门口大声叫着“是请客还是要我们捣乱（Trick or Treat）。这时若主人不请客（treat ），这些顽皮的孩子就会动真格地捣乱（trick），有的在主人的门把上涂上肥皂或往玻璃上洒肥皂水；有的干脆把主人的门给卸下来；还有的顺手拿走主人放在门口的日常小用品等。但人们对这些天真可爱的小客人一般还是欢迎的，并且事先都准备好糖果或零钱。听到这些小孩来到时，他们马上迎出来，给孩子们分发糖果或零钱。　　11月的第四个星期四　　感恩节(tanksgiviing day)　　感恩节是美国民间传统节日。时间是每年11月的第四个星期四（the 4th Thursday in November）。　　1． 起源　　感恩节的起源有一段有趣但很复杂的历史，这一段历史要从英国的宗教史说起。大约16世纪中叶，在英国教会（）内出现了改革派。他们主张清除教会内残留的天主教旧制和烦琐的礼仪，取消教堂内华丽的装饰，反对封建王公贵族的骄奢淫逸，主张过勤俭清洁的简朴生活，因而被人称为清教徒（）。清教徒中又分为温和派和激进派。温和派主张君主立宪，代表大资产阶级和上层新贵族的利益。激进派则提倡共和政体，坚持政教分离，主张用长老制改组国会，代表中小资产阶级贵族的利益，后来遭到当局的迫害，部分清教徒于是被迫逃亡国外。1620年9月，102 名英国清教徒乘坐“五月花”号木船（Mayflower）从英格兰的普利茅斯（Plymouth）出发，经过将近3个月的海上漂泊，于当年12月23 日来到美洲的 Massachusetts 东南部的 Plymouth 港口，并在附近意外地找到一个印地安人的村落，他们发现村内无人于是定居下来。但是当时是冬天，又人生地不熟，白手起家，缺衣少食，以及疾病的侵袭等原因，到第一个冬天结束时，活下来的只有50来人。但有幸的是，第二年的春天，这批幸存下来的移民得到了当地印地安人的热心帮助。善良的印地安人给他们种子，教他们打猎，教他们根据当地的气候特点种庄稼等。就这样，在印地安人的帮助下，再加上移民们的艰苦奋斗，终于迎来了1621年的大丰收。　　为了感谢上帝赐予的大丰收，移民们决定举行一次盛大的庆祝活动，同时也是为了感谢印地安人的热心帮助。于是他们在1621年的11月下旬的一个星期四，与邀请来的曾帮助过他们的印地安人一起举行了一个庆祝活动。他们在天亮时鸣放礼炮，举行宗教仪式，虔诚地向上帝表示感谢。然后他们用自己猎取的火鸡以及自己种的南瓜、红薯、玉米等做的美味佳肴，隆重庆祝上帝的赐予，这便是美国历史上的感恩节的开始。1789年美国第一任总统华盛顿正式宣布将11月26日作为过感恩节的日子。但一直到1941年由国会通过了一项决议，将每年11月的第四个星期四作为全国统一庆祝感恩节的日子。　　12月25日　　圣诞节(chistmas day)　　每年12月25日,是基督教创始人耶稣的诞辰,也是基督徒最盛大的节日——圣诞节,按基督教教义,耶稣是上帝之子,为拯救世人,降临人世。所以圣诞节又称“耶稣圣诞瞻礼”、“主降生节”。　　元宵节　　农历正月十五日，是中国的传统节日元宵节。正月为元月，古人称夜为“宵”，而十五日又是一年中第一个月圆之夜，所以称正月十五为元宵节。又称为“上元节”。按中国民间的传统，在一元复始，大地回春的节日夜晚，天上明月高悬，地上彩灯万盏人们观灯、猜灯谜、吃元宵合家团聚、其乐融融。　　元宵节起源于汉朝，据说是汉文帝时为纪念“平吕”而设。汉惠帝刘盈死后，吕后篡权，吕氏宗族把持朝政。周勃、陈平等人在吕后死后，平除吕后势力，拥立刘恒为汉文帝。因为平息诸吕的日子是正月十五日，此后每年正月十五日之夜，汉文帝都微服出宫，与民同乐以示纪念。并把正月十五日定为元宵节。汉武帝时，　　“太一神”的祭祀活动在正月十五。司马迁在“太初历”中就把元宵节列为重大节日。　　我国民间有元宵节吃元宵的习俗。民间相传，元宵起源于春秋时期的楚昭王。某个正月十五日，楚昭王经过长江，见江面有漂浮物，为一种外白内红的甜美食物。楚昭王请教孔子，孔子说“此浮萍果也，得之主复兴之兆”。元宵和春节的年糕，端午节的粽子一样，都是节日食品。吃元宵象征家庭象月圆一样团圆，寄托了人们对未来生活的美好愿望。元宵在南方称“汤圆”、“圆子”、“浮圆子”、“水圆”，由糯米制成，或实心，或带馅。馅有豆沙、白糖、山楂等等，煮、煎、蒸、炸皆可。　　元宵节燃灯的习俗起源于道教的“三元说”；正月十五日为上元节，七月十五日为中元节，十月十五日为下元节。主管上、中、下三元的分别为“天”“地”“人”三官，天官喜乐，故上元节要燃灯。元宵节燃灯放火，自汉朝时已有此风俗，唐时，对元宵节倍加重视；在元宵节燃灯更成为一种习俗。唐朝大诗人卢照邻曾在《十五夜观灯》中这样描述元宵节燃灯的盛况“接汉疑星落，依楼似月悬。”元宵节燃灯的习俗，经过历朝历代的传承，节日的灯式越来越多，灯的名目内容也越来越多，有镜灯、凤灯、琉璃灯等等。元宵节除燃灯之外，还放烟花助兴。　　“猜灯谜”又叫“打灯谜”是元宵节后增的一项活动，出现在宋朝。南宋时，首都临安每逢元宵节时制迷，猜谜的人众多。开始时是好事者把谜语写在纸条上，贴在五光十色的彩灯上供人猜。因为谜语能启迪智慧又饶有兴趣，所以流传过程中深受社会各阶层的欢迎。　　元宵节除了庆祝活动外，还有信仰性的活动。那就是“走百病”又称“烤百病”“散百病”参与者多为妇女，他们结伴而行或走墙边，或过桥过走郊外，目的是驱病除灾。　　随着时间的推移，元宵节的活动越来越多，不少地方节庆时增加了耍龙灯、耍狮子、踩高跷、划旱船扭秧歌、打太平鼓等活动。　　清明　　春分后十五日，斗指丁，为清明，时万物皆洁齐而清明，盖时当气清景明，万物皆显，因此得名。”在一年二十四节气当中，民间特别重视农历四月五日清明节。　　清明祭祀坟墓的俗例，自汉相沿承袭。以后，普及民间，历二千年而不衰。这一天，家家户户的孝子贤孙都要到郊外去祭祀祖坟，为墓地锄草，替坟墓加土，好好清扫修整一番。近世，孝子贤孙对于清明扫墓，已未必一定遵守于清明节这一日。有的会在节日以前数天拜祭，也有的会在节日若干日子奉祀，只不过笼统地说是清明上坟拜祭罢了。　　踏青是陪衬清明的副节目，扫墓之余，一家大小因利趁便，就在山野间游乐一番，顺手折支柳枝戴在头上，等到入暮回家。　　端午　　农历五月初五为端午节，又称端阳节、午日节、五月节、艾节、端五、重午、午日、夏节。虽然名称不同，但各地人民过节的习俗是相同的。端午节是我国二千多年的旧习俗，每到这一天，家家户户都悬钟馗像，挂艾叶菖蒲，赛龙舟，吃粽子，饮雄黄酒，游百病，佩香囊，备牲醴。　　端午节的第一个意义就是纪念历史上伟大的民族诗人屈原。屈原，名平，是战国时代的楚国人，生于楚威王五年夏历正月初七，或谓生于楚宣王二十七年，卒于楚襄王九年。　　七夕　　旧时在民间七月七日是一个很热闹的节日，当时对这一天兴趣最大的，还是年轻女子。她们穿新衣，拜双星，并乞巧。　　宋时杭州的小儿女，七夕之时多效颦"摩侯罗"，穿半臂花衣，胸前装饰乞巧时的楸叶、瓜果等图形；靓妆笑语，竞往湖边放蜡制的鸳鸯等一类水鸟，浮于水上。妇人喜于盒内贮小蜘蛛，让蜘蛛在盒内织网，看织网之疏密，谓之"巧"之多少也。　　穿针乞巧是七夕中小女儿们的节目之一，据说在汉代已经盛行。《荆楚岁时记》中说：七月七日，为牵牛织女聚会之夜，是夕，人家妇女结彩缕穿七孔针。也有把"穿针"转为"丢针"的。形式是在七夕夜晚，盛一碗水，放在星光下。然后把绣花针丢入水里，让它漂浮在水面上，星光辉映下的针影，照在碗底，会生浮动的阴影，变化多端。依其形状，就可以占卜投针姑娘针绣工作是拙是巧。　　还有一种游戏节目是七位姑娘互相邀约，结伴在七夕之夜的园庭，各以巾帕遮目，然后仰首向天，面对牛郎织女星，根据所看到的景象预卜自己的终身大事。不过遮目怎能看到天象呢？这自然不是看双星，而是闭目作幻想了。　　神话的七夕作为一个"情人节"，也应该是有其意义的。　　中秋　　八月十五日是秋天的正中，所以被称为中秋或仲秋。八月十五的月亮比其他几个月的满月还要圆，要明亮，所以又叫做“月夕”，“八月节”。中秋前夕，人们都尽可能和家人团聚，取人月双圆的意义，八月十五又叫“团圆节”。　　中秋节是汉族和少数民族的民间传统节日。早在三代时期我国就有“秋暮夕月”的习俗。夕月，即祭拜月神。到了周代，每逢中秋夜都要举行迎寒和祭月。在唐代，中秋赏月、玩月颇为盛行。南宋，民间以月饼相赠，取团圆之义。晚上，有赏月、游湖等活动。明清以来，中秋节的风俗更加盛行；许多地方形成了烧斗香、树中秋、点塔灯、放天灯、走月亮、舞火龙等特殊风俗。今天，月下游玩的习俗，已远没有旧时盛行。但设宴赏月仍很盛行，人们把酒问月，庆贺美好的生活，或祝远方的亲人健康快乐，和家人“千里共婵娟”。　　以前，江苏地区的中秋夜，妇女们多外出在月下游玩，或互相拜访，或结伴去佛寺尼庵，或举行盛大的文艺活动。甚至玩到四更鸡鸣。这一风俗当地叫做“走月亮”。上海的习俗与江苏差不多。只是中秋夜，妇女外出游玩必须要走过至少三座桥，因而叫做“走三桥”。　　古时还有祭月和拜月活动。设大香案，摆上月饼、西瓜、苹果、红枣、李子、葡萄等祭品，其中月饼和西瓜是绝对不能少的。西瓜还要切成莲花状。在月下，将月亮神像放在月亮的那个方向，红烛高燃，全家人依次拜祭月亮，然后由当家主妇切开团圆月饼。切的人预先算好全家共有多少人，在家的，在外地的，都要算在一起，不能切多也不能切少，大小要一样。如果家里有孕妇，就要多切一份。　　拜月不是指祭月时的拜月。这种风俗源于北宋京师。当夜，满城人家，不论穷富老小，都要穿上成人的衣服，焚香拜月说出心愿，祈求月亮神的保佑。相传古代齐国丑女无盐，幼年时曾虔诚拜月，长大后，以超群品德入宫，但未被宠幸。某年八月十五赏月，天子在月光下见到她，觉得她美丽出众，后立她为皇后，中秋拜月由此而来。月中嫦娥，以美貌著称，故少女拜月，愿“貌似嫦娥，面如皓月”。　　许多地方还形成了很多特殊的中秋习俗。如香港的舞火龙、安徽的堆宝塔、广州的树中秋、晋江的烧塔仔、苏州石湖看串月、傣族的拜月、苗族的跳月、侗族的偷月亮菜、高山族的托球舞等。　　中秋节的习俗很多，形式也各不相同，但都寄托着人们对生活无限的热爱和对美好生活的向往。　　重阳　　农历九月初九，二九相重，称为"重九"。又因为在我国古代，六为阴数，九是阳数，因此，重九就叫"重阳"。　　重阳节的起源，最早可以推到汉初。据说，在皇宫中，每年九月九日，都要佩茱萸，食蓬饵、饮菊花酒，以求长寿；汉高祖刘邦的爱妃戚夫人被吕后惨害后，宫女贾某也被逐出宫，将这一习俗传入民间的。　　古代，民间在该日有登高的风俗，所以重阳节又叫"登高节"。相传此风俗始于东汉。唐人登高诗很多，大多数是写重阳节的习俗；杜甫的七律《登高》，就是写重阳登高的名篇。登高所到之处，没有划一的规定，一般是登高山、登高塔。还有吃"重阳糕"的习俗。讲究的重阳糕要作成九层，像座宝塔，上面还作成两只小羊，以符合重阳（羊）之义。有的还在重阳糕上插一小红纸旗，并点蜡烛灯。这大概是用"点灯"、"吃糕"代替"登高"，用小红纸旗代替茱萸。　　在西方国家，尽管圣诞节才是最大的节日，新年在人们心目中仍占有不可替代的重要地位。除夕之夜 （NewYear"s Day）晚会是庆祝新年到来必不可少的活动。西方各国的人们都喜欢在欢快的乐曲和绚丽的光彩中喜气洋洋地度过一年的最后一个夜晚。此时，化装晚会特别受欢迎。来宾们把尊严和谨慎藏在面具之后，打扮得稀奇古怪。大家无拘无束，尽情玩乐，与平日的行为大相径庭。在英美两国，午夜钟声一响，参加晚会的人们还要手 拉手高唱"友谊地久天长"这首著名的苏格兰民歌。　　西方国家的复活节有各种风俗。比如，有的在复活节那天里烧毁犹大的模拟像，他是背叛耶稣的一个门徒。在忏悔日里，基督教徒要去教堂仟悔以赎罪、复活节星期一（Easter Mon－day）是复活节庆祝活动的高潮。在英国伦敦的海德公园每年这天都举行大规模的庆祝游行。有些西方国家在这天还要举行传统的“滚鸡蛋”活动。复活 节前40天称大斋期（Lent）。大斋期开始这天，基督教徒要举行礼拜仪式。牧师将棕们叶的灰—一基督徒称之为圣灰，涂在礼拜者的额前，惜以告戒教徒们生命之短暂，要行善事而赋人类之罪。复is节前的星期日称圣日（Holyweek）。这天基督教堂赠给礼拜者棕润以示纪念耶稣。传说耶稣是在星期日抵达耶路撒冷的。这天，他受到了耶路撒冷城民的热烈欢迎。人们在耶稣经过的路上铺上棕相枝，撒上棕桐叶。　　为了感谢上帝赐予的大丰收，移民们决定举行一次盛大的庆祝活动，同时也是为了感谢印地安人的热心帮助。于是他们在1621年的11月下旬的一个星期四，与邀请来的曾帮助过他们的印地安人一起举行了一个庆祝活动。他们在天亮时鸣放礼炮，举行宗教仪式，虔诚地向上帝表示感谢。然后他们用自己猎取的火鸡以及自己种的南瓜、红薯、玉米等做的美味佳肴，隆重庆祝上帝的赐予，这便是美国历史上的感恩节的开始。　　待第一声鸡啼响起，或是新年的钟声敲过，街上鞭炮齐鸣，响声此起彼伏，家家喜气洋洋，新的一年开始了，男女老少都穿着节日盛装，先给家族中的长者拜年祝寿，节中还有给儿童压岁钱，吃团年饭，初二、三就开始走亲戚看朋友，相互拜年，道贺祝福，说些恭贺新喜、恭喜发财、恭喜、过年好等话，祭祖等活动。　　在唐代，中秋赏月、玩月颇为盛行。在北宋，八月十五夜，满城人家，不论贫富老小，都要穿上成人的衣服，焚香拜月说出心愿，祈求月亮神的保佑。南宋，民间以月饼相赠，取团圆之意。有些地方还有舞草龙、砌宝塔等活动。明清以来，中秋节的风俗更加盛行，许多地方形成了烧斗香、树中秋、点塔灯、放天灯、走月亮、舞火龙等特殊风俗。　　今天，月下游玩的习俗，已远没有旧时盛行。但设宴赏月仍很盛行，人们把酒问月，庆贺美好的生活，或祝远方的亲人健康快乐，和家人“千里共婵娟”。　　端午节吃粽子，这是中国人民的又一传统习俗。粽子，又叫“角黍”、“筒粽”。其由来已久，花样繁多。　　赛龙舟，是端午节的主要习俗。　　端午节小孩佩香囊，传说有避邪驱瘟之意，实际是用于襟头点缀装饰。香囊内有朱砂、雄黄、香药，外包以丝布，清香四溢，再以五色丝线弦扣成索，作各种不同形状，结成一串，形形色色，玲珑可爱。

1. My name is Tom. My birthday is June 2nd. The weather is sunny and hot. It"s my favourite season. On my birthday, I usually have a birthday party. Sometimes we have a picnic. Tomorrow is my birthday. I am cleaning the room now. My mom is making a birthday cake for me. 根据上面短文的意思判断下面的句子是否正确，正确的在句子前面的括号里打“√”，不正确的打“×” ( )1.Tom"s birthday is on Children"s Day. ( )2.It"s warm and sunny in summer. ( )3. Today is June 1st. ( )4. Tom"s mother can make a birthday cake. ( )5.Usually there is a birthday party on Tom"s birthday. 2. Look!This is a picture of Mr.Brown"t family. The man in a biack coat is Mr.Brown.The woman near him is Mrs.Brown,The little girl in a red coat is Sue. The tall boy behind her is Jim,her brother.The family is now in China.Tomorrow is Children"s Day.MR brown wants to buy some presents for his children. Sue wants a new skirt,but Jim wants a new bike. How happy they are! 1.Whose picture is this? ____________________________________________. 2.Where"s the family now? ____________________________________________. 3.Who is the little girl in a red coat? ____________________________________________. 4.What presents do Mr Brown"s children want to buy? ____________________________________________. 5.Which festival is tomorrow? ____________________________________________. 3. Betty and KittyBetty and Kitty are twins. They"re 12 years old. They look the same. But they have different hobbies. Betty likes collecting stamps. She has many beautiful stamps. They"re from different cities and countries. But Kitty likes growing flowers. The flowers are all very beautiful.Betty and Kitty both like reading books. Betty likes reading storybooks. But Kitty likes reading science books.On Sunday,they usually ride bikes to the park. They can play with their friends there. Sometimes their parents go there, too. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。( ) 1. Betty is Kitty"s sister. ( ) 1. Betty likes growing flowers. ( ) 2. Kitty likes reading storybooks. ( ) 3. They"re twelve years old. ( ) 4. They usually take a bus to the park on Saturday. 4. Lovely pandas"faces look like cats", but their fat bodies and short tails are like bears". Pandas are very lovely and they are friendly to people. People likes them very much.Most Pandas live in China. The northwestern part ofSichuan Province(省) and southern part of Gansu Province are their hometowns. Pandas like to climb trees. They usually live in the forests of high mountains, eat bamboo and drink spring water. 根据短文的意思，选出正确的答案。 ( )1. The panda mainly lives in. A. America B. Shanghai C. London D. China ( )2. Is like a cat"s. A. The panda B. The panda"s face C. The panda"s body D. The panda"s tail ( )3. Where are the pandas" hometowns? A. Guangdong and Gansu. B. Sichuan and Suzhou.C. Gansu and Sichuan D. Hubei and Sichuan ( )4. What"s the panda"s main food? A. Rice. B. Meat. C. Bamboo. D. Grass. 5. Four Good FriendsMary, Nancy, Ron and Kate are good friends. Mary"s favorite number is 3 and her favorite country is France. 16 is Nancy"s number, and America is her favorite country. Ron likes Japan very much. 30 is his favorite number. Whose favorite number is 60? Oh, it is Kate. Kate"s father works in Chinese food very much and they also like Chinese people. Kate"s lucky number is 6. All of them hope that one day they can travel the world together. 阅读短文，回答问题。 1. What"s Mary"s favorite number? 2. What"s Nancy"s favorite country? 3. What"s Kate"s father"s job? 4. Does Kate like Chinese food? 6. Hello. My name is Millie. I"m thirteen years old. I"m a good boy. I often play volleyball so .I"m fit and healthy. For breakfast, I always have some bread and an egg and I drink a glass of orange juice. I sometimes have rice with fish and an apple for lunch. I really love apples, because “An apple a day keeps the doctor away（离开）”. In the evening, I sometimes have a glass of milk or a cup of green tea and some biscuits. For dinner, I often have soup, meat and vegetables. I like vegetables because they are fresh and healthy. They are good for me. Look at me! How tall and strong I am now! ( )Millie is 14 this year. ( )Millie likes football very much. ( )Millie often drinks orange juice for breakfast. ( )Millie likes apples because they"re healthy. ( )I often have vegetables for dinner. 7. Zip:What"s your favourite food, Zoom? Zoom:I like beef, but I"m heavy now. I have to eat vegetables. What about you, Zip? Zip:I like chicken. It"s tasty. Do you like fruits, Zoom. Zoom:Yes, carrot juice is my favourite It"s fresh and healthy. Zip:I like fruits. But I don"t like strawberries. They"re sour. 1、Beef is Zoom"s favowrite food.（ ） 2、Zoom can eat a let of meat.（ ） 3、Zoom likes carrot juice because it"s fresh and healthy.（ ） 4、Zip likes strawberries because they"re sour.（ ） 5、Zip"s favourite food is chicken.（ ） 8. Jane is a student. She is fifteen. She lives with her parents and her grandfather. Her grandfather is seventy years old. He has got a backache. He needs to see a doctor. But Jane"s parents are very busy. Her father is a policeman. Her mother is a teacher. So Jane wants to go to hospital with her grandfather after school. She hopes her grandfather gets better soon. （ ）1. What"s Jane"s job? A. A teacher B. A policewoman C. A student （ ）2. Who needs to see a doctor? A. Jane B. Jane"s parents C. Jane"s grandfather 9 Liu Tao: Hi, Mike. Nice to see you. Mike: Nice to see you, too. Liu Tao. Liu Tao: What day is it today? Mike: It"s Thursday. What lessons do you have in this morning? Liu Tao: We have Maths, Chinese, Art, and Science. Mike: Oh, I like PE very much. But we don"t have PE today. Liu Tao: We have PE and Computer Studies this afternoon. Mike: Great! Do you like PE? Liu Tao: No, I don"t. I like English very much. Tomorrow we will have an English lesson in the morning. Mike: It"s time for class. Let"s go! 阅读理解，并判断。 ( )1. Liu Tao has PE in the afternoon. ( )2. Liu Tao has six lessons today. ( )3. Liu Tao doesn"t like English. ( )4. Liu Tao will have English lesson on Friday morning. 10 Mr Brown lives in a nice house in a small town with his wife(妻子) , Mrs Brown. From Monday to Friday he works in an office near his house. He is free on Saturdays and Sundays. He has a nice garden beside his house. He likes growing flowers and he often works in the garden on Saturdays and Sundays. The flowers are very beautiful and Mrs Brown likes them very much. She often helps Mr Brown. ( )1. Mr Brown lives in _________with his wife. A. a city B. a small town C. a big town ( )2. He works_________ days a week in his office. A. four B. five C. six ( )3. He isn"t _________on Saturdays and Sundays. A. free B. busy C. happy ( )4. He likes _________ on Saturdays and Sundays. A. working in his garden B. walking in his gardon C. looking at his garden ( )5. Mrs Brown _________ the flowers. A. like B. doesn"t like C. often helps The students were having their chemistry(化学）class.Miss Li was telling the students what water was like.After that,she asked her students,"What"s water?"No one spoke for a few minutes.Miss Li asked again,"Why don"t you answer my question?Didn"t I tell ou what water is like?" Just then a student put up his hand and said,"Miss Li,you told us that water has no color and no smell.However,where to find such kind of water?The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell."Most of the students agreed with him. "I"m sorry,children."said the teacher,"Our water is getting dirtier and dirtier.That"s a problem." Choose the best answer: 1.What were the students doing? A.They were having an English class. B.They were having a Chinese class. C.They were having a chemistry class. D.They were having a math class. 2.Miss Li was telling the students( ) A.what water was like B.what air was like C.what earth was liak D.what weather was like 3.What colos was the water in the river behind the student"s house? A.It was white B.It was black C.It was clean D.It was clear 4.Most of the children ( )the student A.agreed with B.wrote to C.heard from D.sent for 5.Why did the water in the river have color? A.Because it was getting more ande more B.Because it was getting less and less C.Because it was getting cleaner and cleaner D.Because it was getting dirtier and dirtier 2 There is another aspect of flying we must now know about, that is flying speeds. There are, in fact, tow kinds of speed: the ground speed, which is the actual speed of the plane in relation to the ground, and the air speed, which is the speed relative to the air. These are two quite different things.Let us go back to the kite for a moment. If, in still air, you run with a kite at five miles per hour, its ground speed will be five miles per hour because that is the actual speed at which you are pulling it over the ground. Now, suppose you are running at five miles per hour. The ground speed will still be the same but, because the air is passing the kite at ten miles per hour, the air speed of the kite will be ten miles per hour; that is , the speed at which you are running plus the speed of the air blowing past the kite. Stand still with your kite in the same breeze. Its ground speed is now nothing, but the air is passing the kite at five miles per hour, so its air seed is five miles per hour.Ground speed decides how long an plane will take to fly from one place to another. Air speed provides the lifting force and the drag. Your kite will remain in the air in a good breeze even if you stand still, and you will still feel the drag on the string.36. In fact, there are two kinds of speed: one is the ground speed, the other is ____.A. flying speed B. full speedC. air speed D. first speed37. What"s the ground speed if you run with a kite at five miles per hour in still air.A. It will be five kilometers per hour.B. It will be more than five kilometers per hour.C. It will be five miles per hour.D. It will be five feet per hour.38. According to the passage, what is the running speed plus the air speed of the kite?A. Ten miles an hour B. Five miles an hourC. At least five meters. D. More than ten miles39. Air speed provides _____ and drag.A. motive force B. wind forceC. lifting force D. constant force40. How many different things does the writer talk about.A. Three. B. Two. C. One. D. Four. Jack is a twenty-year-old young man. Two years ago, when he finished middle school, he found work in a shop. Usually he works until ten o"clock in the evening. He is very tired when he gets home. After a quick supper he goes to bed and soon falls asleep. His grandma who lives downstairs is satisfied with (满意) him. One day, on his way home, he met Mary. They were both happy. He asked the girl to his house, she agreed happily. He bought some fruit and drinks for her. And they talked about their school, teachers, classmates and their future (未来). They talked for a long time. “Have a look at your watch, please,” said the girl. “What time is it now?” “Sorry, something is wrong with my watch,” said Jack. “Where"s yours?” “I left it at home.” Jack thought for a moment and found a way. He began to stamp his foot on the floor, “Bang! Bang! Bang!” The sound woke his grandma up. The old woman shouted downstairs, “It"s twelve o"clock in the night, Jack. Why are you still jumping upstairs?” 1. Jack was ________ when he finished middle school. A. sixteen B. eighteen C. twenty D. fifteen 2. The old woman is satisfied with Jack because ________. A. he"s her grandson B. he"s clever C. he can keep quiet D. he gets home on time 3. From the story, we can know that Mary is Jack"s ________. A. classmate B. colleague (同事) C. aunt D. wife 4. The word “stamp” in the story means ______ in Chinese. A. 盖印 B. 跺 C. 贴邮票 D. 承认 5. Jack stamped his foot on the floor in order (为了) ________. A. to wake his grandma up B. to make his grandma angry C. that his grandma was going to tell him the time D. that his grandma was going to buy him a watch 参考答案 ： 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C

The first complete subjects courseware teaching exercises summaryGeography of history of Chinese Maths English1 why Zhu Hui family are watching the boat race and the dumplings? 2 Zhu Hui like his family?He thought how in China home? This story is about a student from Shenzhen, Zhu Hui. He is now American learning, he was in New York, and an American family. Today is the Dragon Boat festival. It"s nine a.m., Zhu Hui"s family at home. His mother and aunt are dumplings. His father and uncle were watching the boat race. Zhu Hui also eat dumplings at the boat race and? Well,now it is nine p.m. New York time, at the night before the festival. But in the American not the Dragon Boat Festival, therefore, for Zhu Hui and his host family tonight and every other night.The mother is telling a story to her young children. Father is through the TV to watch a football match. What is Zhu Hui doing? He talked on and his Shenzhen aunt by phone, Zhu Hui misses his family and hopes to have his mother"s delicious. Zhu Hui loved New York and his host familyvery much, but still "no better place than home. Unit 7 section A 1c: Hello! What"s the weather like in Beijing? Sunny 2d: Hello, I"m Rick Hello, Rick, I"m Steve. What? Okay, thank you. The weather is wonderful, what are you doing? I play basketball in the park with some friends. It sounds like you are playing happily. Yes, your brother at home? Oh, he"s not here. He learned to his friend"s home. Can I give him a message? Yes, could you ask him to call me back?Certainly madam. No problem. What about Grammar focus:? The weather is cloudy sunny days in the rain, what are you doing? I"m cooking. What are they doing? They are playing basketball in the park. What is he doing? He is learning his friend. How are things going? Excellent goodbad Section B: 2B: my dear Jane, what is the situation? I"m Canadian pleasant visit my aunt. Sheworked here, I want to go to summer school. I am learning English and learned a lot. I am alsovisit some of my old friends. I was so happy to see them again. It is afternoon, I sat on the edge of the pool is drinking Orange Juice. The weather is warm and sunny, and in this very relaxed.Bye. Linda sent: Jane dear Jane, how was your summer vacation? You are trying to learn, or in the play? I was in Europe have been very happy? My family and I are the mountain resort. I wantto call you, but my phone is not available now, so I write to you. Now your country hot weather,isn"t it? The weather is cool and cloudy, walking is appropriate. See you next month. Dave sent ahospital: Jane Unit8 section a 1c: near here? Yes. It is on Bridge Street. 2d: Hello, excuse me.Hello, can I how can I help you? Well, I was new to the town. A bank around here? Yes. It"s on the center street. It is in the park. Oh... Center Street, where? It is not too far from here. I canwalk with you. Oh, how nice! Thank you very much. It"s nothing. Has the bank Grammar focus:around here? Yes. It"s on the center street. Is there a restaurant around here? Yes, the post office in front of aA. Where is the hotel? It"s behind the police. Where is the bank? It is next to the post office.Where is the park? It is opposite to the bank, at the back of the hotel. Where"s the pay phone?They are in the post office and the library. Section B 2b: Anna has a zoo i. Section B 2b: Anna has a zoo in my neighborhood. I like to spend the weekend time in the. I like watching monkeysclimb everywhere. The monkeys are sometimes fight. They look like me and my friends. To achieve that, I usually walk out in Bridge Road, turn right. Then I walked along the bridge. The zoo on the right. John I live near a supermarket. My parents are in the shopping. There is a big park opposite the supermarket. I often exercise in the park, because I like the clean air and sunshine, the best things in life are free. To arrive at the park, you"ll have to center street. Lisa and I live in a noisy street. There is a post office in between my home and the clothing store. But the place I love the most is the library. It is very quiet and I enjoy the fun of reading in the. When I read, the time flies! You can easily get to the library. Just walk along the road and then turn left. It is in the park. 2c: read the passage, and answer the questions. Anna likes what to do in the zoo? Anna think the monkey like humans? Why? John in the park like to do what? What Unit9 section A 1c: your friend? He is of medium height, with long straight hair. 2d: Hi, Toni. You go to the cinema tonight? Yes. Seven years meet? Good, but I will do a little too late! My friendDavid is going to. Just in front of the cinema and meet him. Oh, but I don"t know him, what does he look like? Oh, he has brown hair, and wears glasses. Well, he"s tall or short? He is neither tall nor short. He is of medium height. OK. Certainly madam. See you later then. Grammar focusGrammar focus: what does he look like? He is really high. What does she look like? She has long straight hair. What do they look like? They are of medium build. They stay straight hair or curly hair? They with curly hair. He tall or short? He is of medium height. He is medium height and Section B: 2b: an interesting job Jobrand has a very interesting work. He is a police artist.Some people see the crime, then talk with joe. What the criminals look like they told him. Then Joe draw pictures and criminals, the police put him in the newspaper and television came to him.He wanted to draw a picture of criminals, however, the work is difficult. Many people do notalways see things in the same way, therefore, the same people may describe different, also,they do not always remember the good. "Medium height and young offenders. He had a longand straight brown hair, big eyes, "one woman said. Another woman said: "he is tall and thin,and keep the golden curls. He was about thirty years old." Finally, the real culprit is a short andfat old man, and short black hair.Unit 10 section A 2c: what kind of noodles would you like? I"d like beef noodles. 2d: good afternoon, excuse me, may I take your order? Yes, there are vegetables, beef broth in? Yes,there are some tomatoes. Well, we want a bowl of beef broth. Certainly. Have to bowl? Please come to bowl. We also Kung Pao Chicken and some with the Mapo Tofu Steamed Rice. Well, abowl of beef broth, a Kung Pao Chicken and one with the Mapo Tofu Steamed Rice. You said it.Grammar focus: what kind of noodles would you like? I"d like beef noodles. What size do you want? I"d like a large bowl of. Do you want a bowl? Yes. The meat Tomato and Egg Soup Li? No,No. No, no meat. Section B 2B all over the world people are willing to eat what birthday food on my birthday? In different countries the answer is different. In many countries, people eat birthday cake with candles. The candle is the number of the people of age. The birthday person to make a wish and blow out the candles. If he or she blew out all the candles, wishes will be realized. In England, people sometimes put a piece of candy in the birthday cake. The candies are lucky. InChina, eat cake on my birthday is becoming popular. But many people still eat long noodles.They never cut noodles, because the long noodles symbolize longevity. In some places,Chinese also eat egg on my birthday. They are a symbol of life and good luck. All the birthdayfood may be different, but the idea is the same. They bring a good birthday party. 2c: 1 a person how to make his or her birthday wish come true? 2 in the UK, sometimes people often in the birthday cake is put in what? 3 in the China, why do people never give birthday face off? 4why people in their birthday eat special food? Unit 11 section A 1c: Carol took some photos?Yes, she took 2d: Hi, Eric. Last week you trip? That"s great. I visited my grandparents in the countryside. Oh, well, what do you do? Every day I go fishing. And I and my grandparents feed the chickens. Very interesting. It sounds very interesting. What about the weather? The weather is wonderful, and the air is so clean. I watched the stars in the night, they are so beautiful. Luckyyou! How Grammar focus: your school trip? Great!. Did you go to the zoo? No, no, I went to the farm, you see some cows? Yes, I see. I saw quite a few (cow). Carol ride a horse? No, he did not. But she is a cow milking. The strawberry is good? Yes, they are. No, they aren"t.Section B: 2B: Helen and Jim go to the same time for an outing? How they feel about the outing?In June 15th I went to school for an outing. We visited the science museum. And it is really interesting. We took the train soon arrived there. Along the way, we saw some farms and villages. In the museum, I learned a lot of knowledge about the robot. I don"t know that they canplay chess with us. The weather is so cool! Then, the tour guide to teach us how to make arobot model. I also took a lot of photos. Later, I went to the gift shop and bought some lovelypresents for my parents. They are not expensive. In general, this exciting day. June 15th today I think the school trip very bad. We take the train to the museum. It was hot in the slow train. The museum is big and boring. Everything is a robot, I"m not interested in that. The room was verydark and photo is very difficult, so I did not shoot. There are too many people, and I really can"t see or hear the tour guide. Gift shop so expensive. I"m don"t love trip. Unit 12 section A 1c: Lucy,what did you do last weekend? Well, on Saturday morning, I played badminton. 2d: Hi, Lisa, how was your weekend? That sounds lovely, thanks. What did you do? I am in the Museum of natural history 我只知道这么多 我自己打字的 希望能帮助你 只打了这么多 其他的百度吧 亲给我份发呢

1、国际B2C跨境电商平台：速卖通、亚马逊、eBay、Wish、兰亭集势、敦煌；2、进口跨境电商平台：洋码头、天猫国际、苏宁云商海外购，以及最近才上的网易考拉海购、顺丰海淘；3、本土化跨境电商平台：Flipkart印度 ，walmart沃尔玛，yandex俄罗斯，new egg美国新蛋网，trademe新西兰，mercadolivre美兰卡巴西，ali，dhgate，ipros。各种各样的平台也逐渐涌现，目前中国的外贸人选择的主流跨境电商平台有速卖通、亚马逊、eBay、Wish、Lazada等。

Cross-border e-commerce platform.

1、国际B2C跨境电商平台：速卖通、亚马逊、eBay、Wish、兰亭集势、敦煌；2、进口跨境电商平台：洋码头、天猫国际、苏宁云商海外购，还有最近才上的网易考拉海购、顺丰海淘；3、本土化跨境电商平台：Flipkart印度 ，walmart沃尔玛，yandex俄罗斯，new egg美国新蛋网，trademe新西兰，mercadolivre美兰卡巴西，ali，dhgate，ipros；这个答案应该是很全了，望采纳

一、2017年跨境电商平台有哪些？目前国内外主要跨境电商的平台如下：1、国际B2C跨境电商平台：速卖通、亚马逊、eBay、Wish、兰亭集势、敦煌；2、进口跨境电商平台：洋码头、天猫国际、苏宁云商海外购，以及最近才上的网易考拉海购、顺丰海淘；3、本土化跨境电商平台：Flipkart印度 ，walmart沃尔玛，yandex俄罗斯，new egg美国新蛋网，trademe新西兰，mercadolivre美兰卡巴西，ali，dhgate，ipros。

目前我国主要跨境电商的平台如下：1、国际B2C跨境电商平台：速卖通、亚马逊、eBay、Wish、兰亭集势、敦煌；2、进口跨境电商平台：洋码头、天猫国际、苏宁云商海外购，以及最近才上的网易考拉海购、顺丰海淘；3、本土化跨境电商平台：Flipkart印度 ，walmart沃尔玛，yandex俄罗斯，new egg美国新蛋网，trademe新西兰，mercadolivre美兰卡巴西，ali，dhgate，ipros。那么如何才能加入跨境电商的行业呢？首先需要进入跨境电商，你需要一个跨境电商资质，需要一个进出口权资质，然后需要注册一个公司，最后才能进行跨境电子商务业务。而跨境电商的主体资质有：经营网上贸易、企业自有网上商城 、进出口业务、不限注册资本。

people believe that an egg is a symbol of new life

长元音[i:]（衣） 短元音[i]（一） 前元音[e](哎) 前元音[?](唉) 短元音[?](啊) 短元音[a](啊) 短元音[?](贰儿) 中元音[ε](唉) 长元音[a:](啊...) 长元音[?:]（熬...) 后元音[u](屋) 双元音[ai](爱) 双元音[?i](奥爱) 双元音[au](俄欧) 双元音[?u](偶) 双元音[ei]（诶） 双元音[ir](一二) 双元音[εr](艾尔) 双元音[u?] (幼儿) 浊辅音[b](拨) 清辅音[p](泼) 浊辅音[d]的) 清辅音[t](特) 浊辅音[g](哥) 清辅音[k]（科） 浊辅音[v]（屋） 清辅音[f]（夫） 浊辅音[z]（字） 清辅音[s]（丝） 清辅音[?]（吃） 浊辅音[?]（这个不知道镇写） 浊辅音[e]（紫） 清辅音[θ](私) 浊辅音[r](日) 清辅音[h](喝) 浊辅音[d?](的) 清辅音[t?](起) 浊辅音[m](摸) 浊辅音[n](嗯) 鼻辅音[?](eng) 清晰舌边音[l](le) 含糊舌边音[l](ler勒儿) 浊辅音[w](我) 浊辅音[y](衣) 浊辅音[dr] (桌) 清辅音[tr] (绰) 浊辅音[dz](子) 清辅音[ts](此)

元音组合 ai /ei/ wait paint ay /ei/ may play day say air /ε? / air hair chair al /o: / tall small ball ar /α: / farther farm car arm ea /i:/ meat please tea read /e/ head bread ready / i? / theater ear / i? / ear hear near / ε? / bear / ?: / earth ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep eir / ε? / their er / ? / worker teacher / ?: / her ere /i ? / here /ε? / where there ew /ju: / new few /u: / flew grew ight /ai / right high bright ir /?: / bird girl shirt thirty oa /?u / boat coat ong /o? / long song oo /u/ book foot good /u:/ moon balloon or / : / short fork port /?: / word world work oor /o: / door floor ore /o:/ more store sore ou / au / out house mouth our /o: / four　 your /au? / our ow/ ?u / bowl window /au / now cow flower oy /oi/ boy toy ur / ?: / turn 辅音组合 th /θ/ thank mouth / δ/ this that with tr /tr/ tree train truck dr /dr/ dress driver sh /∫/ shirt wash short ch /t∫/ child chair catch / k / school Christmas / dз/ sandwich tw /tw/ two twin twenty wh /w/ white wheel what /h/ who whose whom ts /ts/ jackets kites ds /dz/ birds friends

The narrator of The Great Gatsby is a young man from Minnesota named Nick Carraway. He not only narrates the story but casts himself as the booku2019s author. He begins by commenting on himself, stating that he learned from his father to reserve judgment about other people, because if he holds them up to his own moral standards, he will misunderstand them. He characterizes himself as both highly moral and highly tolerant. He briefly mentions the hero of his story, Gatsby, saying that Gatsby represented everything he scorns, but that he exempts Gatsby completely from his usual judgments. Gatsbyu2019s personality was nothing short of “gorgeous.”In the summer of 1922, Nick writes, he had just arrived in New York, where he moved to work in the bond business, and rented a house on a part of Long Island called West Egg. Unlike the conservative, aristocratic East Egg, West Egg is home to the “new rich,” those who, having made their fortunes recently, have neither the social connections nor the refinement to move among the East Egg set. West Egg is characterized by lavish displays of wealth and garish poor taste. Nicku2019s comparatively modest West Egg house is next door to Gatsbyu2019s mansion, a sprawling Gothic monstrosity.Nick is unlike his West Egg neighbors; whereas they lack social connections and aristocratic pedigrees, Nick graduated from Yale and has many connections on East Egg. One night, he drives out to East Egg to have dinner with his cousin Daisy and her husband, Tom Buchanan, a former member of Nicku2019s social club at Yale. Tom, a powerful figure dressed in riding clothes, greets Nick on the porch. Inside, Daisy lounges on a couch with her friend Jordan Baker, a competitive golfer who yawns as though bored by her surroundings.Tom tries to interest the others in a book called The Rise of the Colored Empires by a man named Goddard. The book espouses racist, white-supremacist attitudes that Tom seems to find convincing. Daisy teases Tom about the book but is interrupted when Tom leaves the room to take a phone call. Daisy follows him hurriedly, and Jordan tells Nick that the call is from Tomu2019s lover in New York.After an awkward dinner, the party breaks up. Jordan wants to go to bed because she has a golf tournament the next day. As Nick leaves, Tom and Daisy hint that they would like for him to take a romantic interest in Jordan.When Nick arrives home, he sees Gatsby for the first time, a handsome young man standing on the lawn with his arms reaching out toward the dark water. Nick looks out at the water, but all he can see is a distant green light that might mark the end of a dock.

中国小吃和饭菜英语： 烧饼 Clay oven rolls 油条 Fried bread stick 水饺 Boiled dumplings 馒头 Steamed buns 饭团 Rice and vegetable roll 皮蛋 100-year egg 咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg 豆浆 Soybean milk 饭类 稀饭 Rice porridge 白饭 Plain white rice 糯米饭Glutinous rice 蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg 面类 刀削面Sliced noodles 麻辣面Spicy hot noodles 乌龙面Seafood noodles 板条 Flat noodles 榨菜肉丝面Pork , pickled mustard green noodles 米粉 Rice noodles 汤类 紫菜汤Seaweed soup 牡蛎汤Oyster soup 蛋花汤Egg & vegetable soup 鱼丸汤Fish ball soup 点心 臭豆腐Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 油豆腐Oily bean curd 虾球 Shrimp balls 春卷 Spring rolls 蛋卷 Chicken rolls 肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings 火锅 Hot pot 今天就这里吧，我会每天添一点的。如果你感兴趣，千万不要惜墨如金啊！ 禽类---poultry 炖鸡 chicken stew 烤鸡 roast chicken /broiled chicken 酸奶油鸡 sour cream chicken 吉利鸡 chicken cutlet 炸鸡 fried chicken 咖喱鸡 curry chicken 烤鸭 roast duck 烤火鸡 roast turkey 葱花炒鸡蛋 scrambled eggs with scanllion 蛋炒虾 stir-fried shrimps in eggs 鸡蛋火腿 stewed ham with eggs 西红柿炒鸡蛋 stir-fried eggs with tomato 烧烤卤味 suckling pig:化皮乳猪 Drunken squab:花雕醉鸡 Cold chicken Claw:白云鹰爪 Soya duck wing:卤水鸭舌 Soya tofu:卤水豆腐 pickle and duck kidncy:榨菜鸭肾 Seaweed and pork slice:海草汾蹄 Seaweed and jeely fish:海草海哲 Japanese 3-combo:日式三拼 Roasted duck:玫瑰醉鸡 Spicy conch:麻辣东凤螺 甜品 Bird nest egg custard tart:白玉燕窝挞 Sesame seed ball:香麻煎堆球 Black sesame soft ball:擂沙甜汤丸 Steamed egg custard bun:世蒸奶皇包 Bean curd in syrup:冰川豆腐花 Crisp egg sustard tart:酥皮焗蛋挞 Thousand layered sweet cake:花心千层糕 Baked egg custard bun:菠萝奶皇包 egg custard soft cake:奶皇煎软饼 fresh mango pudding:鲜芒果布丁 coco-banana soft custard:椰汁香蕉糕 Turtle shell jell-o:滋补补伏苓膏 coco glutinous cake:椰蓉糯米糕 red bean mash puff:豆沙窝饼 sugar egg puff:松化沙翁 coco-peanut chess cake:麻蓉酥饼 炒饭类 yan-zhou fried rice:杨州炒饭 salty fish chicken fried rice:咸鱼鸡粒炒饭 dried scallop egg whit fried rice:瑶柱雪山炒饭 diced abalone jade fried rice:鲍鱼碧绿炒饭 stir-fried sticky rice:生炒糯米饭 fu-jian shreds fried rice:福建炒饭 seafood shark"s fin fried rice:海皇炒饭 红烧鱼 braised fish in soy sauce 清蒸桂鱼 steamed mandarin fish with white sauce 糖醋鲤鱼 sweet and sour carp 家常黄鱼 home style yellow croaker 松鼠/葡萄/菊花鱼 deep fried fish cut in the shape of a squirrel ,a spring of grapes,or a chrysanthemum flower 黄鱼汤 yellow croaker soup 网包鲥 netted shad 清炖甲鱼 clear-simmered soft shelled turtle 八宝鲫鱼 fried crucian carp with stuffings 爆炒对虾 sauteed prawns 蒸螃蟹 steamed crabs 炒蟹黄 sauteed carb roe 炒蟹肉 sauteed carb meat 青黄对虾 boiled prawns in salty water 炒虾仁 fried shrimp meat balls 虾炒肉元 stir fried shrimp with meat balls 番茄炒虾 stir-fried shrimps with fresh tomato 红烧海参 braised sea cucumber in soy sauce 炖鱼翅 stewed shark"s fin 什锦火锅 Mongolian hot pot with ten ingredients 土豆片 potato chips 煮豌豆 ,玉米 ,青豆 boild green pea,corn,green beans 素色砂锅 vegetable casseroles 素沙拉 vegetable salads 主食与点心 satble food and dim son 炒面 fried noodls 兰州拉面 Lanzhou stretched noodles 香炒面 fine fried noodles 米线 rice flour noodles 宫爆鸡丁 CHICKEN WITH PEANUTS 肉圆 TAIWANESE MEATBALLS 细米粉丝 thin rice noodles 豆粉丝 fengsi,bean starch noodles 炒饭 fried rice 大米粥 rice gruel/porridge另附: ~~这些内容应该够用了.如下链接. ---菜名翻译大全 链接1:《中文菜单英文译法》~~官方2008奥运统一的译法 http://www.bjmbc.gov.cn/web2/fcsArticleDetail.jsp?article_id=12112493650001 链接2:中文菜单英文译法 http://www.for68.com/new/2008/6/li8655365544181680024816-0.htm --翻译的原则: http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2007/10/chinese_food_menu_translation.html

1. Bacchus has drowned more men than Nepture. 酒神淹死的人比海神多。2. Bad news has wings. 坏事传千里。3. Bad workmen often blame their tools. 拙匠常怪工具差。4. Bare words, no bargain. 空言不能成交易。5. Barking dogs seldom bite. 善吠的狗很少咬人。6. Be always as merry as ever you can, for no-one delights in a sorrowful man. 务请心情常欢畅，只因无人喜忧伤。7. Beauty is but a blossom. 美丽只是盛开的花朵。8. Beauty is but skin-deep. 红颜易变。9. Beauty is in the eye of the gazer. 情人眼里出西施。10. Beauty is potent; but money is omnipotent. 美丽是有力量的，但金钱更有权威。11. Beauty is truth, truth beauty. 美就是真，真就是美。12. Beauty lies in lover"s eyes. 情人眼里出西施。13. Beauty may have fair leaves, but bitter fruit. 美丽的花或许长好叶，结苦果。14. Beauty, unaccompanied by virtue, is as a flower without perfume. 美而无德犹如花之无香。15. Be considerate towards the poor. 要为穷人著想。16. Bees that have honey in their mouths have stings in their tails. 口蜜腹剑。17. Bed is a midicine. 睡好觉，如服药。18. Before gold, even kings take off their hats. 有钱能使鬼推磨。19. Beg from beggers and you"ll never be rich. 向乞丐乞讨，永远发不了财。20. Beggars cannot be choosers. 饥不择食。21. Beggars must be no choosers. 饥不择食。22. Behind bad luck comes good luck. 塞翁失马，焉知非福。23. Be honest rather clever. 诚实比聪明更要紧。24. Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. 随遇而安。25. Be just to all, but trust not all. 要公正对待所有的人，但不要轻信所有的人。26. Believe no tales from the enemy. 切莫轻信敌人。27. Believe not all that you see nor half what you hear. 眼见的不能全信，耳闻的也不能半信。28. Believe somebody on his bare word. 人言无据，切勿轻信。29. Benefits please like flowers, while they are fresh. 恩泽让人欣喜，犹如鲜花使人心醉。30. Be prepared to put one"s hand in one"s pocket. 准备慷慨解囊。31. Be slow in choosing a friend; slower in changing. 选择朋友要审慎，摒弃更要审又慎。32. Be slow to promise and quick to perform. 不轻诺，诺必果。33. Be swift to hear, slow to speak. 多听少说。34. Better a bachelor"s life than a slovenly wife. 过光棍生活，胜过有一个邋遢老婆。35. Better ask twice than lose you way once. 宁愿问路两次胜过迷路一次。36. Better a glorious death than a shameful life. 忍辱贪生不如死得光荣。37. Better a little fire to warm us, than a great one to burn us. 适量的火好取暖，熊熊烈火能焚身。38. Better an egg today than a hen tomorrow. 前程虽远大，现实尤可贵。39. Better an empty purse than an empty head. 宁可钱袋瘪，不要脑袋空。40. Better an open enemy than a false friend. 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。41. Better are small fish than an empty dish. 有胜于无。42. Better be alone than in bad company. 交损友不如无友。43. Better be out of the world than out of fashion. 不合潮流不如脱离尘世。44. Better be poor than wicked. 宁可做穷人，不要做坏人。45. Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为犬首，不作狮尾。46. Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 宁为驴头，不为马尾。47. Better deny at once than promise long. 轻诺必寡信。48. Better die with honour than live with shame. 与其忍辱偷生，不如光荣而死。49. better early than late. 宁早勿迟。50. Better eye sore than all blind. 眼痛总比瞎眼好。51. Better good neighbours near than relations far away. 远亲不如近邻。52. Better go to bed supperless than rise in debt. 宁可饿肚子，切莫去借债。53. Better half an egg than empty shell. 半只蛋也比空壳好。54. Better is the neighbour"s hen than mine. 人莫知其苗之硕。55. Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好。56. Better lose a jest than a friend. 宁可不说一句俏皮话，以免得罪朋友们。57. Better lose the saddle than the horse. 吃小亏占大便宜。58. Better master one than engage with ten. 精通一事胜于会十事。59. Better one-eyed than stone-blind. 独眼总比全瞎好。60. Better poor with honour than rich with shame. 穷得光荣，胜过富得可耻。61. Better pills may have wholesome effects. 良药苦口。62. Better say nothing than nothing to the purpose. 与其说话不中肯，不如一言不发好。63. Better some of a pudding than none of a pie. 聊胜于无。64. Better the foot slip than the tongue trip. 宁可滑跤，不可失言。65. Better to do well than to say well. 说得好不如做得好。66. Better wear out shoes than sheets. 宁可(经常运动)穿破鞋子，也不(因病长卧)磨破床单。67. Better wear out than rust out. 与其闲散不如忙碌。68. Better wit than wealth. 智力胜于财富。69. Between friends all is common. 朋友之间不分彼此。70. Between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip. 功亏一篑。71. Between two stools one falls to the ground. 脚踏两头要落空。72. Beware beginnings. 慎始为上。73. Beware of a man of one book. 不要与一个有专业知识的人争论。74. Beware of a silent dog and still water. 警惕无声之狗会咬人，平静之水会覆舟。75. Beware of him who regards not his reputation. 要谨防不重自己名誉的人。76. Big mouthfuls ofter choke. 贪多嚼不烂。77. Bind the sack before it be full. 做事应适可而止。78. Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。79. Birth is much, but breeding is more. 出身固然重要，教养更且重要。80. Bite off more than one can chew. 贪多咽不下。81. Bite the hand that feeds one. 恩将仇报。82. Bitter pills may have wholesome effects. 良药苦口利于病。83. Blessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed. 人无所求最享福，因他不为失望苦。84. Blind men can judge no colours. 不宜问道于盲。85. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。86. Blood will have blood. 血债要用血来还。87. Books, like friends, should be few and well chosen. 书籍如朋友，应该少而精。88. Borrowed garments never fit well. 借来的衣服不合身。89. Brave actions never want a trumpet. 勇敢的行为不须要吹号。90. Bread is the staff of life. 民以食为天。91. Brevity is the soul of wit. 言以简洁为贵。92. Bring up a raven and he"ll pick out your eyes. 养虎贻患。93. Burn not your house to rid it of the mouse. 投鼠忌器。94. Burnt child dreads the fire. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。95. Business before pleasure. 事业在先，享乐在后。96. Business is business. 公事公办。97. Business is the salt of life. 事业事人生之盐。98. Business makes a man as well as tries him. 事业既考验人，也造就人。99. Business may be troublesome, but idleness is pernicious. 事业虽扰烦，懒惰更害人。100. Business neglected is business lost. 玩忽事业等于丢失事业。101. Business sweetens pleasure, and labour sweetens rest. 工作后消遣更愉快，劳动后休息更舒畅。102. Butter to butter is no relish. 千篇一律的东西令人生厌。103. By doing nothing we learn to do ill. 懒散学为非。104. By doing we learn. 经一事，长一智。105. By falling we learn to go safely. 吃一堑，长一智。106. By gambling we lose both time and treasure, two things most precious to the life of man. 赌博使我们丢失时间和金钱，这两样人生最珍贵的东西。107. By other"s faults, wise men correct their own. 他山之石，可以攻玉。108. By reading we enrich the mind; by conversation we polish it. 读书可以使我门的思想充实，谈话使其更臻完美。109. By the hands of many a great work made light. 众擎易举。110. By the side of sickness health becomes sweet. 和疾病相比较，才显得健康的可贵。111. By the street of "Bye and bye" one arrives at the house of "Never". 迁延因循，一事无成。112. By writing you learn to write. 从写作中学写作。Danger is next neighbour to security. 危险是安全的近邻。Danger itself is the best remedy for danger. 危险本身就是对付危险的最好办法。Dead men tell no tales. 死人不会搬弄是非。Death is the grand leveller. 凡人都要死，大家都一样。Death meets us everywhere. 死亡到处和我门相遇。Death pays all debts. 人死百债了。Death when it comes will have no denial. 死亡来临时，无可抗拒之。Deeds, no words. 不要光说不练。Debt is better than death. 负债总比死亡强。Deeds are fruits; words are but leaves. 行动是果实，言语只是树叶而已。Deeds are males, and words are females. 言柔弱无能，行刚强有力。Deep rivers move in silence, shallow brooks are noisy. 深水静静流，浅溪潺潺流。Delays are dangerous. 坐失良机必有忧患。Deliberate before you begin, then execute with vigour. 著手前要深思熟虑，执行要果断有力。Deliberate in counsel, prompt in action. 考虑要仔细，行动要迅速。Deliberating is not delaying. 慎思不是拖延。Deliver not your words by number but by weight. 言不在多，而在有物。Depend on others and you always repent. 依靠别人总要后悔。Despair gives courage to a coward. 人急造反，狗急跳墙。Destruction pursues the great. 树大招风。Devil must be driven out with devils. 以毒攻毒。Dexterity comes by experience. 熟练来自经验。Diamond cut diamond. 强中更有强中手。Diet cures more than the doctor. 药补不如食补。Diligence is near success. 勤奋近乎成功。Diligence is the mother of good luck. 刻苦是成功之母。Diligence is the mother of success. 勤奋是成功之母。Discontent is the first step in progress. 不知足是前进中的第一步。Discretion is the better part of valour. 小心即大勇。Disease, enemy, and debt --these three must be cut off as soon as they begin to grow. 病，仇与债这三者，一露苗头就砍掉。Disease of the soul are more dangerous than those of the body. 心灵上的疾病比肉体上的疾病更危险。Diseases are the price of ill pleasures. 疾病是不正当娱乐的代价。Diseases come on horseback, but go away on foot. 病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。Disgraced may be he who thinks ill. 心怀不端的人是可耻的。Do as most men do and men will speak well of thee. 为众之所为，受众之所夸。Do as the Romans do(or Do as they do at Rome). 入乡要随俗。Do as you would be done by. 推己及人。Do business, but be not a slave to it. 要做事，但不要做事务的奴隶。Dog does not eat dog. 物不伤其类。Dogs that bark at a distance bite not at hand. 远处叫得凶的狗，不会近身来咬人。Dogs that run after many hares kill none. 多谋寡成。Dogs wag their tails not so much in love to you as your bread. 狗摇尾巴，爱的是面包。Doing is better than saying. 行胜于言。Do in Rome as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。Do not all you can, spend not all you have; believe not all you hear; and tell not all youknow. 不要为所能为，不要花尽所有，不要全信所闻，不要言尽所知。Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade. 不要忘恩负义。Do not despise your enemy. 万勿轻敌。Do not give a dog bread every time he wags his tail. 不要有求必应。Do not praise a day before sunset. 切勿褒贬过早。Do not run too fast after gain. 不要见利就拼命追。Do not speak of your happiness to one less fortunate than yourself. 不要向不如你幸运的人述说你的幸福。Do not swap horses when crossing a stream. 处在危难中，不宜大更动。Do no through fear of poverty surrender liberty. 不要因为怕贫苦而放弃自由。Do not to others what you do not wish them to do to you. 己所不欲，勿施于人。Do not wash dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外扬。Don"t cast out the foul water till you bring in the clean. 清水未来，莫泼赃水。Don"t count your chicken before they are hatched. 不要过早乐观。Don"t climb a tree to look for fish. 勿缘木求鱼。Don"t cross the bridge till you get to it. 不要杞人忧天。Don"t fly till you wings are feathered. 羽毛未丰不要飞。Don"t cry out before you are hurt. 还没受苦，就别叫苦。Don"t halloo till you are out of the wood. 没有脱离危险不要先欢呼。Don"t have thy cloak to make when it begins to rain. 切莫临时抱佛脚。Don"t keep all your eggs in one basketball.勿孤注一掷。Don"t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。Don"t speak all you know, but know all you speak. 不要尽言所知，而要尽知所言。Don"t teach your grandmother to suck eggs. 休要班门弄斧。Don"t throw out your dirty water before you get in fresh. 清水未打来，赃水莫倒掉。Don"t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自寻烦恼。Don"t whistle until you are out of the wood. 没有脱离险境，不要过早高兴。Do one"s level best. 尽力而为。Dot the i"s and cross the t"s. 一点一划，循规蹈矩。Doubt is the key of knowledge. 怀疑乃知识的钥匙。Do well is better than say well. 说得好不如做得好。Downy lips make thoughtless slips. 嘴上没毛，办事不牢。Draw not your bow till your arrow is fixed. 事未齐备，切莫妄动。Draw water with a sieve. 竹篮子打水一场空。Dream are lies. 梦不足信。Dreams go by contraries. 梦想总与现实相反。Drive your business, do not let it drive you. 要推动事业，不要让事业来推动你。Drop by drop the oceans are filled; stone by stone the walls are built. 滴水汇大海，垒石诛高墙。Drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水的人一根草也要抓。Drunken days have all their tomorrows. 今日花天酒地，明日潦倒穷途。Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 酒后露真言。Dumb dogs are dangerous. 哑犬最凶恶。Dying is as natural as living. 死亡与生存一样自然。

cannot be your friend and your flatterer too.朋友不能阿谀奉承If a man deceives me once, shame on him, if he deceives me twice, shame on me.上当一回头，再多就可耻If you make yourself an ass, dont complain if people ride you.人善被人欺，马善被人骑If your ears glow, someone is talking of you.耳朵发烧，有人念叨If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.脚踏两条船，必定落空If you sell the cow, you sell her milk too.杀鸡取卵If you venture nothing, you will have nothing.不入虎穴，焉得虎子If you want knowledge, you must toil for it.要想求知，就得吃苦Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母It is better to die when life is a disgrace.宁为玉碎，不为瓦全It is easier to get money than to keep it.挣钱容易攒钱难It is easy to be wise after the event.事后诸葛亮好当It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.创业容易守业难It is hard to please all.众口难调It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收It is the first step that costs troublesome.万事开头难It is the unforeseen that always happens.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福It is too late to grieve when the chance is past.坐失良机，后悔已迟It never rains but it pours.不鸣则已，一鸣惊人It takes three generations to make a gentleman.十年树木，百年树人Jack of all trades and master of none.门门精通，样样稀松Judge not from appearances.人不可貌相，海不可斗量Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.近朱者赤近墨黑 Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕 Kings go mad, and the people suffer for it君王发狂，百姓遭殃Kings have long arms.普天之下，莫非王土Knowledge is power.知识就是力量Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud.博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲 Learn and live.活着，为了学习Learning makes a good man better and ill man worse.好人越学越好，坏人越学越坏Learn not and know not.不学无术Let sleeping dogs lie.别惹麻烦Learn to walk before you run.先学走，再学跑Let bygones be bygones.过去的就让它过去吧Let the cat out of the bag.泄漏天机Life is but a span.人生苦短 Lies can never changes fact.谎言终究是谎言 Lies have short legs.谎言站不长 Life is half spent before we know what it is.人过半生，方知天命Life is not all roses.人生并不是康庄大道 Life without a friend is death.没有朋友，虽生犹死 Like a rat in a hole.瓮中之鳖 Like author, like book.文如其人 Like father, like son.有其父必有其子 Like for like.一报还一报 Like knows like.惺惺相惜Like mother, like daughter.有其母必有其女Like teacher, like pupil.什么样的老师教什么样的学生Like tree, like fruit.羊毛出在羊身上Little things amuse little minds.小人无大志Look before you leap.摸清情况再行动Lookers－on see more than players.当局者迷，旁观者清Losers are always in the wrong.胜者为王，败者为寇Lost time is never found again.岁月既往，一去不回Love at first sight.一见钟情 Love cannot be compelled.爱情不能强求Love is blind.爱情是盲目的 Love is full of trouble.爱情充满烦恼Love is never without jealousy.没有妒忌就没有爱情Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌Make hay while the sun shines.良机勿失Make your enemy your friend.化敌为友 Man is the soul of the universe.人是万物之灵Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高Many heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮Many things grow in the garden that were never sown there.有心栽花花不发，无心插柳柳成荫Measure for measure.针锋相对Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.患难见真情Money isnt everything.钱不是万能的 Murder will out. 纸包不住火My son is my son till he has got him a wife, but my daughter is my daughter all the days of her life.儿子婚前是儿子，女儿终生是女儿Nature is the true law.天行有常，不为尧存，不为桀亡Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是发明的动力Never fish in trouble water.不要混水摸鱼Never judge from appearances.不可以貌取人 Never say die.永不言败Never too old to learn, never too late to turn.亡羊补牢，为时未晚 New wine in old bottles.旧瓶装新酒No cross, no crown.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹No garden without its weeds.没有不长草的园子No living man all things can.世上没有万事通No man can do two things at once.一心不可二用 No man is born wise or learned.没有生而知之者 No man is content.人心不足蛇吞象No man is wise at all times.聪明一世，糊涂一时None are so blind as those who wont see.视而不见None are so deaf as those who wont hear.充耳不闻No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息No one can call back yesterday.昨日不会重现No pains, no gains.没有付出就没有收获 No pleasure without pain.没有苦就没有乐No rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰No sweet without sweat.先苦后甜 No smoke without fire.无风不起浪Nothing brave, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子Nothing dries sooner than a tear.眼泪干得最快Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯登攀Nothing seek, nothing find.没有追求就没有收获Nothing is so necessary for travelers as languages.外出旅行语言最要紧Nothing is to be got without pains but poverty.世上唯有贫穷可以不劳而获Not to advance is to go back.不进则退Not to know what happened before one was born is always to be a child.不懂世故，幼稚可笑No way is impossible to courage.勇者无惧 1.This is courage in a man: to bear unflinchingly what heaven sends. 真正的勇气是：无所畏惧地接受上天给你的一切 2.One careless move loses the whole game. 一着不慎,满盘皆输 3.Distance lends enchantment to the view. 远观很迷人，近看现瑕疵 4.One became the victor and the other hid in a corner of the yard. 胜者王侯败者贼 5.Give him an inch and he"ll take a yard. 得寸进尺 6.Say well is good ,but do well is better. 说的好虽好，做的好更好 7.Do as you would be done by. 想让别人如何待你，你就必须如何待别人 8.Better lose a jest than a friend. 宁失一虐，不失一友；莫因玩笑伤感情 9.In life"s earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail. 在人生的战场中，唯有日日前进不屈不挠始能获胜 10.The fox may grow grey, but never good. 狐狸活到老，永远难变好 11Dog bark before they bite. 恶行之前有恶声 12He that respects not is not respected. 欲受人敬，要先敬人 13.Blessed is he that expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed. 无奢望者有福，因其永不失望 14.Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take action . 幽默是生活的减震器，它可以鼓舞人们付诸于行动 15.If opportunity doesn"t knock then build a door. 机遇不来时，赶快装扇门16.It is darkest before the dawn. 黎明前最黑暗 17.An egg should not wrestle with a rock. 鸡蛋决不要拿石头碰18.Without entering the tiger"s lair, how can one catch the tiger"s cub? 不入虎穴，焉得虎子？ 19.Dread is produced by a powerlessness. 畏惧是软弱的表现20.There are two perfect men; one dead, and the other unborn. 两种人完美：死人和未出生的人21.A good conscience is a continuous feast. 问心无愧天天乐22.In sports and journeys men are known. 从体育和旅行中可以看出男子的品德 23.Be just before you are generous. 要慷慨必先求公正 24.The noblest vengeance is to forgive. 最高尚的复仇是宽容25.Be able to be alone. Lose not the advantage of solitude. 要有单独自处的能力，不要放过孤寂的好处26.It is easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛亮容易当 27.Every man at forty is a fool or a physician. 人到四十，如果不是傻子，就该知道保养身体 28.Anger is the wind which blows out the lamp of the mind. 愤怒是吹灭心中之灯的风 29.Every cloud has a silver lining. 乌云背后有阳光 30.He that makes a thing too fine, breaks it. 做事过于苛求，反把事情弄坏 31.Make the best of a bad bargain. 已知吃亏，尽力而为 32.Fair words make fools fain. 甜言蜜语会使愚者得意忘形 33.Conceit is the quicksand of success. 自负是成功的流沙 34.A man can"t ride your back unless it is bent. 你的腰不弯，别人就不能骑在你的背上 35.You cannot burn the candle at both ends. 蜡烛不能两头点 36.Look on both sides of the shield. 看问题要从两面看 37.Don"t trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻烦没有来找你，不要去找麻烦 38.This is courage in a man: to bear unflinchingly what heaven sends. 真正的勇气是：无所畏惧地接受上天给你的一切 39.Sometimes the best gain is to lose. 有时吃亏就是最大的便宜

下午茶是一顿通常在下午3点至5点间享用的便餐。它起源于大不列颠王国，尽管前大英帝国部分纷繁复杂的地方也有这么一餐。不过，社会习俗和工作时间的改变意味着大多数英国人仅能在特殊或正式的场合来享用下午茶。传统上讲，松散的茶叶应该由一壶加了牛奶和糖的茶壶来泡制。再搭配着丰盛美味的三明治（通常有黄瓜、鸡蛋、芹菜、鱼子酱、火腿和熏鱼），烤饼（带有黄油、凝结的奶油和果酱 - 见奶茶）通常还有蛋糕和糕点（如：巴腾保蛋糕，水果蛋糕或果酱夹层蛋糕）。这些食物通常会以层叠的样式供上。虽然下午茶曾经是每日必做的事情，现今尽管也有很多英国人在下午喝茶时间仍然享用一杯茶、一小片蛋糕或巧克力，但是它更像是酒店、咖啡厅或茶馆的一种招待。因此，现在很多酒店都推销一种香槟奶油茶。澳大利亚和新西兰下午茶不是每天都享用，但是比起在美国，人们享用得更频繁些。这一餐有时被叫做“午茶（或茶点）”这词在美国有着同样的意思。但是咬文嚼字者认为这一用法是不正确的。奶茶是指“英格兰西南部一个州的茶”而且在很多高级酒店和咖啡厅这词是通用的。在工作日的“吃茶点的休息时间”或只是“茶”既可以代表是早上茶也可以是下午茶。这词可能被用作特定的茶室里。

Do you want some fruit? 你要水果吗？Yes, please. I want an apple. 是的，我要一个苹果。Anything to drink? 喝点什么？A small glass of whisky, please. 请来一小杯威士忌。Here is your food. 你的菜来了。Bring me the bill please. 请买单。Can I pay by check or credit card? 我能用支票或信用卡吗？Sorry, we only take cash. 对不起，我们只收现金。Here you are. 给。我这里有对话课文！Tom: What did you have for lunch?汤姆：你午饭吃了什么?Martin: I had a chicken bento.马丁：我吃了一份鸡肉便当。Tom: You brought it from home?汤姆：你从家里带的便当吗?Martin: No, I bought it here on campus.马丁：不是，我在学校里买的。Tom: In the cafe?汤姆：从咖啡厅买的吗?Martin: Yes.马丁：对。Tom: How was it?汤姆：味道怎么样?Martin: It was ok. It"s better than most of the other food here and it wasn"t too expensive.马丁：还不错。比学校里卖的其他食物好吃多了，而且也不贵。Tom: Do you eat here a lot.汤姆：你经常在这里吃饭吗?Martin: I try not to.马丁：我尽量不在这边吃。Tom: Why not?汤姆：为什么?Martin: It"s a little more expensive and the quality isn"t quite as good as I"d hope for the value.马丁：价格有点贵，而且味道也不好，不太值这个价。Tom: More expensive than where?汤姆：比什么地方价格贵?Martin: More expensive than a small restaurant or a specialized chicken place down in town.马丁：比城镇里的小餐馆和鸡肉店里的价格贵。Tom: Really? I agree with you about the quality but I thought it was quite cheap up here.汤姆：真的吗?我也认为味道一般，不过我认为这里的食物非常便宜。Martin: I just find I can find a little better deal sometimes in town and a lot better quality for about the same price.马丁：我在城镇里找到了更好的地方，同样的价格可以吃到好吃的多的食物。Tom: So about lunch, do you have lunch here?汤姆：你经常在学校吃午饭吗?Martin: Often? No.马丁：你是说经常吗?不是。Tom: What do you do for lunch?汤姆：你午饭一般吃什么?Martin: I usually go home and eat. I"m not on campus that often.马丁：我经常回家吃。我不常在学校里吃午饭。Tom: Ok, yeah. "Cause I kind of get stuck up here from morning until evening so I"m eating there everyday.汤姆：好。因为我一天到晚都待在学校里，所以我每天都在这里吃饭。Martin: Everyday. Sorry to hear that.马丁：每天。听到这个我感觉很难过。Tom: What do you do for dinner, do you cook?汤姆：晚饭你一般会吃什么?你自己做晚饭吃吗?Martin: Yes I do, most often, usually just easy beef stir-fries or now and then go out...马丁：对，我经常做，一般我会做简单的炒牛肉，有时我也出去吃……Tom: Like chinese-style.汤姆：中式食物。Martin: Yeah. Easier to cook than Japanese-style.马丁：对。比做日式食物要简单。Tom: Do you shop everyday or do you go shopping once a week.汤姆：你是每天都去购物，还是一周购物一次?Martin: I usually shop every other day.马丁：我基本上每天都购物。Tom: Ok. So you like fresh food.汤姆：好，所以你喜欢新鲜的食物?Martin: Yes.马丁：对。Tom: Do you live on your own.汤姆：你是自己住吗?Martin: Yes. How about you?马丁：对，你呢?Tom: Oh yeah, I live on my own.汤姆：我也是自己住。Martin: That"s always better sometimes.马丁：这样有时候很好。Tom: With my cooking, it"s not better that I live on my own.汤姆：我厨艺不好，所以自己住不太好。两人一起去吃饭的英语对话篇2Ms.Wang: How about eating breakfast together?一起去吃早饭吧?Ms.Wu: That"s a good idea!好主意!Ms.Wang: I know there is a new English restaurant nearby.Shall we go there for breakfast?我知道附近新开了一家英式餐馆。去那吃好不好?Ms.Wu: OK.好。Waiter: May I take your order now?可以为您点餐了吗?Ms.Wang: Yes,please.Please give us a full English breakfast.好的。请给我们一份超大份的英式早餐。Ms.Wu: By the way,what are the food of a full English breakfast?问一下，一份超大份的英式早餐里都有什么吃的?Waiter: Much food.Such as sausages,bacon,fried eggs,hash brown,baked beans and so on.可多啦。比如香肠啦，培根啦，煎蛋啦，炸土豆饼啦，茄汁黄豆等等。Ms.Wu: So much!We will need not to eat lunch and supper if we eat the full English breakfast.这么多啊!如果干掉一份英式早餐，那我们就不用吃午饭和晚饭了。两人一起去吃饭的英语对话篇3Mom：John, come and get it; breakfast is ready。约翰，过来吃饭，早餐准备好了。John：I"m still getting ready for school. I can"t find my schoolbag。我还在准备上学的东西呢。我找不到我的书包了。Mom：I told you to pack it last night. What did you do with it?我昨天晚上就让你准备书包，你是怎么做的?John：I did. But I used something in the bag later。我收拾过了，但后来我又用过里面的东西。Mom：Anyway, hurry up! Here is your carrot juice。不管怎样，快点吧，这是你的胡萝卜汁。John：Can I have apple juice, Mom?我能喝苹果汁吗?妈妈?Mom：Don"t be so fussy about stuff。别这么挑剔。John：Oh, Mom.。。哦，妈妈。。。Mom：Do you want your fried egg sunny-side up?煎蛋你要单面煎吗?John：Yes. But I prefer oatmeal first. I"ll make it myself。是的。但是我想先吃麦片粥，我自己来弄吧。Mom：Good. I"ll butter your toast then。好。那我来给你的面包抹上黄油。John：I wish I could have breakfast steak today。我真希望今天早餐能吃牛排就好了。Mom：I"ll make it for you tomorrow。我明天给你做。John：Thanks。谢谢。

如果没有音标一般是按照字母组合读音规则。但是有的特殊名词比如一些化学名称或人名等等，是有特定读音的，只能根据经验判断或咨询行家了。还有一个法，就是把单词输入到谷歌翻译页面，然后点读音，听其读音作为参考，再结合读音规则加以判断。

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在贝漫魁地奇生涯的高峰，（那时候贝漫的身材高瘦挺拔，鼻子也还没有被打断），曾被指控为『那个人』的党羽，差点要进入阿兹卡班服刑。而实际上的贝漫，是个『赌』性坚强的家伙，为此倾家荡产，最后为了躲避妖精索债而逃亡天涯。 Madalda Hopkirk 玛法达u2027霍克 魔法滥用局的员工。 Madam Rosmerta 罗梅塔夫人 活米村中的酒吧女侍。 Madame Maxime 美心夫人 波巴洞魔法学校的校长，有一张橄榄色的漂亮面孔、一双清澈的黑色大眼睛，和一个微微有点鹰勾的鼻子，身材和海格一样高大。 McKinnons 麦奇农 一家四口皆被佛地魔所杀害。 Merlin 梅林 购买巧克力蛙所附送的魔法师人物集卡其中之一。 Millicent Bulstrode 米莉森．布洛德 霍格华兹的学生名字。 Moony 月影 路平在霍格华兹就读时所用的昵称。 Morgana 莫佳娜 购买巧克力蛙所附送的魔法师人物集卡其中之一。 Mulciber 莫赛博 食死人之一。 Mundungus Fletcher 蒙当葛u2027弗列契 在三巫斗法大赛之后，邓不利多请天狼星出发去寻找的人。 Obalonsk 欧八龙 保加利亚的魔法部长。 Padfoot 兽足 天狼星．布莱克在霍格华兹就读时所用的昵称。 Perkins 薄京 亚瑟u2027卫斯理的同事。 Peter Pettigrew 彼得u2027佩迪鲁 哈利波特父亲的好友之一，也是化兽师，变身为『老鼠斑斑』藏身在荣恩的家里。 Pires Polkiss 皮尔u2027波奇斯 骨瘦如柴的男孩，是达力最要好的朋友，兼达力欺负人时的帮凶。 Prongs 鹿角 詹姆．波特在霍格华兹就读时所用的昵称。 Rita Skeeter 丽塔u2027史讥 『预言家日报』的记者，有一头金发及一张下巴厚实的大脸，以打探他人隐私及夸张扭曲事实为乐。曾经胡诌出哈利—妙丽—喀浪的三角关系、刻意曝光海格是巨人混血儿的事情……，是魔法世界里的狗仔队。 Ronan 如男 居住的禁忌森林中的人马的名字，也是观星者。 Sir Patrick Delaney-Podmore 派屈克u2027迪蓝尼波德莫尔爵士 无头骑士狩猎的领导人。 Sirius Black 天狼星u2027布莱克 詹姆波特在霍格华兹读书时的死党，也是哈利波特的教父，却因为莫须有的『谋杀』罪名而被关进巫师的监狱——阿兹卡班。 Stan Shunpike 史坦u2027桑派 骑士公车的车掌，长了一对大招风耳，脸上有几颗明显的青春痘。 Tom Riddle 汤姆u2027瑞斗 霍格华兹五十年前的学生，成绩优秀，曾获得『特殊贡献奖』，他的魔法日记曾诱惑金妮u2027卫斯理步入史莱哲林密室的陷阱 Voldemort 佛地魔 法力高强的黑魔法巫师，让魔法界闻风丧胆！也是杀害哈利波特父母的人。佛地魔 大家都不敢直呼，称做『那个人』，是杀死哈利父母的凶手。 Wormtail 虫尾 彼得u2027佩迪鲁在霍格华兹就读时所用的昵称。 葛来分多学院 Creevey, Dennis 丹尼u2027克利维 葛来分多的学生，也是柯林u2027克利维的弟弟。 Dean Thomas 丁u2027汤马斯 和哈利同寝室的男生。 Godric Gryffindor 高锥客u2027葛来分多 葛来分多学院的创办人。 Hermione Granger 妙丽u2027格兰杰 一头浓密的褐发，一对像兔宝宝的大门牙，超级用功的学生，最担心的是就是被麦教授当掉。 Justin Flinch-Fletchley 贾司汀u2027方列里 和哈利一起上药草学的赫夫帕夫学院学生。 Lavender Brown 文妲u2027布朗 被分类帽第一个分到葛来分多的学生。 Lee Jordan 李u2027乔丹 卫斯理双胞胎兄弟的朋友。 Natalie McDonald 娜妲莉u2027麦唐纳 葛来分多学院的学生。 Neville Longbottom 奈威u2027隆巴顿 哈利在葛来分多的同学，是记性差的迷糊鬼，常惹麻烦。 Oliver Wood 奥立佛u2027木透 葛来分多魁地奇球队的队长及看守手。 Parrati Patil 芭蒂u2027巴提 Seamus Finnigan 西莫u2027斐尼干 和哈利同寝室的男生。 雷文克劳学院 Cho Chang 张秋 魁地奇比赛中雷文克劳的搜捕手，比哈利波特高一个年级。哈利在三年级参加『葛来分多对雷文克劳』的比赛中与张秋相遇。她约比哈利矮一个头，有著令人无法忽略的美貌，在那场比赛的开场中，张秋对哈利嫣然一笑，让哈利『胃中似乎有某种东西微微一颤』。 Lisa Turpin 莉莎u2027杜平 Mandy Brocklehurst 曼蒂u2027布洛贺 Orla Quirke 奥拉u2027奎克 雷文克劳学院的学生。 Penelope Clearwater 潘妮u2027清水 雷文克劳的级长，后来和派西．卫斯理变成情侣。 Roger Davies 罗杰u2027达维 哈利波特四年级时，雷文克劳学院的魁地奇球队的队长，也是花儿的耶诞舞会舞伴。 Rowena Pavenclaw 罗威娜u2027雷文克劳 雷文克劳学院的创办人。 Stewart Ackerley 史都华u2027艾克利 雷文克劳学院的学生。 Terry Boot 泰瑞u2027布特 赫夫帕夫学院 Cedric Diggory 西追u2027迪哥里 在哈利三年级时，担任赫夫帕夫学院魁地奇代表队的新队长与搜捕手。长得非常英俊，也是十分优秀的魁地奇球员。在《哈利波特》第4集——《火杯的考验》中，西追u2027迪哥里脱颖而出成为『三巫斗法大赛』的霍格华兹代表斗士，和哈利波特一起挑战惊人的第三项任务…… Eleanor Branstone 艾莉诺u2027布兰东 赫夫帕夫学院的学生。 Hannah Abbott 汉娜u2027艾宝 有著粉红色双颊、金发的女孩。 Helga Hufflepuff 海加u2027赫夫帕多 赫夫帕多学院的创办人。 Kevin Whitby 凯文u2027惠比 赫夫帕夫学院的学生。 Owen Cauldwell 欧文u2027高德威 赫夫帕夫学院的学生。 Susan Bones 苏珊u2027波恩 史莱哲林学院 Blaise Zabini 刹比u2027布雷司 Graham Pritchard 葛拉罕u2027普利查 史莱哲林学院的学生。 Gregory Goyle 格瑞u2027格高尔 跩哥．马份的狐群狗党之一。 Malcom Baddock 马康u2027巴达克 史莱哲林学院的学生。 Marcus Flint 马科．福林 史莱哲林魁地奇球队的追踪手。 Millicent Bulstrobe 米森u2027伯斯彻 Millicent Bulstrode 米莉森u2027布洛德 和妙丽在决斗社配成一组的史莱哲林学院学生。 Pansy Parkinson 潘西u2027帕金森 Salazar Slytherin 萨拉札u2027史莱哲林 史莱哲林学院的创办人。 Vincent Crabbe 文森u2027克拉 跩哥．马份的狐群狗党之一。 Zabini Blaise 刹比．布雷司 史莱哲林学院的学生。 马份家族 Draco Malfoy 跩哥．马份 跟哈利在魔法学校里是死对头，以找哈利的麻烦为乐。 Lucius Malfoy 鲁休思．马份 跩哥的爸爸，对邓不利多有意见。 Narcissa Malfoy 水仙．马份 跩哥的妈妈。 卫斯理家族 Auther Weasley 亚瑟．卫斯理 荣恩的父亲，十分喜欢麻瓜玩意儿。 Bill Weasley 比尔．卫斯理 荣恩的大哥，已经从霍格华兹毕业，在非洲替古灵阁工作。 Charlie Weasley 查理．卫斯理 荣恩的二哥，也从霍格华兹毕业了，在罗马尼亚研究龙。 Fred Weasley 弗雷．卫斯理 和乔治是双胞胎，也是捣蛋的好拍档。 Geoge Weasley 乔治．卫斯理 和弗雷是双胞胎，也是捣蛋的好拍档。 Ginny Weasley 金妮．卫斯理 卫斯理家最小的么妹，暗恋著哈利。 Molly Weasley 茉莉．卫斯理 荣恩的母亲，是个矮胖严厉的女人。 Percy Weasley 派西．卫斯理 荣恩的三哥，哈利入学时是葛来分多的级长。已毕业，进入魔法部工作。 Ron Weasley 荣恩．卫斯理 哈利的好友，来自卫斯理这个古老的魔法家族的么子，满脸雀斑、大手大脚，十分会下西洋棋。 德斯礼家族 Dudley Dursley 达力．德思礼 哈利的表哥，很爱揍哈利，非常胖。 Marge Dursley 玛姬．德思礼 威农的姊姊。和哈利并没有真正的血缘关系，但从小被迫和达力一起叫她姑姑。她似乎以羞辱哈利为乐。 Petunia Dursley 佩妮．德思礼 瘦巴巴的金发婆，是哈利的阿姨，痛恨魔法。 Vernon Dursley 威农．德思礼 肥嘟嘟的大块头，是哈利波特的姨丈。 魁地奇球队队员 Connolly 康诺利 爱尔兰国家魁地奇代表队的打击手。 Connolly 裘格力 爱尔兰国家魁地奇代表队的打击手。 Dimitrov 狄米楚 保加利亚国家魁地奇代表队的追踪手。 Levski 雷斯基 保加利亚国家魁地奇代表队的追踪手。 Lynch 林奇 爱尔兰国家魁地奇代表队的搜捕手。 Moran 莫兰 爱尔兰国家魁地奇代表队的女性追踪手。 Mullet 穆莉 爱尔兰国家魁地奇代表队的女性追踪手。 Roddy Pontner 洛迪．庞纳 魁地奇世界杯的球员之一。 Ryan 雷恩 爱尔兰国家魁地奇代表队的看守手。 Troy 崔洛 爱尔兰国家魁地奇代表队的追踪手。 Victor Krum 维克多u2027喀浪 十八岁，保加利亚魁地奇国家代表队的搜捕手，有一个大鹰勾鼻和一双粗黑的浓眉，肩膀很削，脚有点外八字，看起来活像是一头超大的猛禽。在《火杯的考验》裏的魁地奇世界杯中，精湛的球技让观赛者的叫好声撼动整个球场。另外，他也是德姆兰魔法学校的学生，同时也是『三巫斗法大赛』中三名斗士之一。在霍格华兹举办的耶诞舞会里，喀浪还和妙丽共谱了一段美好的小插曲…… Volkov 傅可 保加利亚国家魁地奇代表队的打击手。 Vulchanov 伏强诺 保加利亚国家魁地奇代表队的打击手。 Zograf 左拉夫 保加利亚国家魁地奇代表队的看守手。

第一节 新年（New Year） 1. Calendar 犹太历七月的第一天;伊斯兰教历第一个月的第一天;格列高利历 (Gregorian calendar),公历或阳历。为纪念1582年罗马教皇格列高利十三世（Pope Gregory XIII）采用此历而命名的。按阳历或公历，新年从1月1日（January 1）开始。在元旦这一天，人们辞旧迎新（to see the old year out and the new year in）。 2. Wishes :Happy New Year .Happy New Year to you. wish a happy New Year.Thank you, the same to you.恭喜发财, 身体健康,万事如意。 3. Celebrations由于文化和习俗的不同,各国人民庆祝元旦和新年的方式和形式也有一定的差异。 在西方国家，尽管圣诞节才是最大的节日，新年在人们心目中仍占有不可替代的重要地位。除夕之夜（New Year"s Day）晚会是庆祝新年到来必不可少的活动。西方各国的人们都喜欢在欢快的乐曲和绚丽的光彩中喜气洋洋地度过一年的最后一个夜晚。此时，化装晚会特别受欢迎。来宾们把尊严和谨慎藏在面具之后，打扮得稀奇古怪。大家无拘无束，尽情玩乐，与平日的行为大相径庭。在英美两国，午夜钟声一响，参加晚会的人们还要手拉手高唱"友谊地久天长"这首著名的苏格兰民歌。 第二节 圣诞节（Christmas） 圣诞节是基督教徒纪念耶酥基督（Jesus Christ）诞生 的日子,公认的日期是12月25日。圣诞节本是一个宗教性的节日，后来逐渐演变成一个具有民族风格的全民性的节日，在美国、英国、加拿大、德国、意大利、澳大利亚等西方国家，甚至非洲，东南亚一些国家都很盛行。 圣诞节指圣诞日（Christmas Day）或 圣诞节节期（Christmas tide），即12月24日至第二年1月6日这段时间。另外人们把12月24日夜为圣诞前夜（Christmas Eve）。 1． Jesus Christmas 耶酥是基督教的创始人，上帝的儿子。约公元前6年，耶酥由圣母玛利亚（St. Mary）因圣灵降孕而生，降生在耶路撒冷附近伯利恒一家客店的马棚里。耶酥长大后开始传道，并召集了十二门徒。他认为要想拯救地球人类，就要对当时的犹太教进行改革，于是提出了一系列自己的宗教主张，但是由于他的言论和行为与当时的犹太统治者及社会当权者发生冲突，耶酥被门徒之一犹大出卖，后被钉死在十字架上。耶酥死后三天升天。他的门徒继承他的事业继续传教布道。 2． Christmas tree 圣诞树可以说是圣诞节最重要的装饰点缀物。圣诞树通常使用整棵塔形常绿树（如衫、柏等），或用松柏树枝扎成一棵塔形圣诞树。树上挂满了闪闪发光的金银纸片、用棉花制成的雪花和五颜六色的彩灯、蜡烛、玩具、礼物等装饰品。树顶上还装有一颗大星，树上的彩灯或蜡烛象征耶酥是世界的光明，大星则代表耶酥降生后将三位东方贤人引到伯利恒的那颗星。 圣诞树的起源众说不一。 3． Santa Claus/ Father Christmas 圣诞老人是西方老幼皆知的典型形象，是圣人与神灵的结合体，是仁爱与慷慨的代名词。一般认为圣诞老人是一个留着银白胡须、和蔼可亲的老人。他头戴红色尖帽，身穿白皮领子的大红袍，腰间扎着一条宽布带。传说圣诞老人在圣诞夜驾着八只鹿拉的满载着礼品的雪橇，从北方雪国来到各家，由烟囱下来，经过壁炉到房间内，把糖果、玩具等礼品装进孩子们吊在壁炉和床头上的袜子里。 相传圣诞老人是罗马帝国东部小亚细亚每拉城（今土耳其境内）的主教圣尼古拉的化身。17世纪荷兰移民把圣诞老人的传说带到了美国。美国英语中的圣诞老人为“圣塔?克劳斯”（Santa Claus），在荷兰语中原为“圣尼古拉”。 圣尼古拉主教生前乐善好施，曾暗地里赠送金子给一农夫的三个待嫁的女儿作嫁妆，将一袋金子从烟囱扔进去，恰好掉在壁炉上的一只长统袜中。所以现在在圣诞夜有不少天真的孩子都把袜子口朝上小心翼翼地吊在壁炉旁或床头，期待圣诞老人送来礼物。 在现代英美等国家，有不少百货商店为吸引和招揽顾客，在圣诞节期间会专门派人扮成圣诞老人，向来商店购物的顾客（尤其是顾客带的孩子）分发糖果和礼品。 4． Christmas cards and Christmas presents 按照习俗，过圣诞节时人们都互赠圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼品。贺卡可以在商店买到，也可以自制，只要写上一句祝词，写上自己的姓名就行了。赠贺卡一般要根据对方的年兴趣爱好以及与自己的关系等。不仅同事、同学、朋友之间互赠，家庭成员之间也有互赠贺卡和礼品的习惯。这是一种最普通的庆祝圣诞节的活动。 5． Christmas dinner 圣诞餐是圣诞节当天的主餐，有的家庭把它安排在中餐，有的把它安排在晚餐。这餐饭主要是家人聚餐，一般不邀请客人。圣诞餐主要食品为：火鸡（turkey）或烤鹅（roast goose）、布丁（puddings）以及各类小甜饼（如golden butter cookies，fruit cookies）等。 按照习俗，吃圣诞餐时，往往要多设一个座位，多放一份餐具， 据说这是为了“主的使者”预备的，也有的说是为一个需要帮助的过路人而准备的。 6． Christmas carol 在圣诞夜（12月24日晚至25日晨），基督教徒们组织歌咏队到各教徒家去唱圣诞颂歌，传报佳音。据说，这是模仿天使在基督降生的那天夜里，在伯利恒郊外向牧羊人报告基督降生的喜讯。颂歌很多，比如《平安夜》、《铃儿响叮当》、《小伯利恒》、《东方三贤士》等，内容大都与耶酥的诞生有关。 第三节 复活节（Easter） 复活节（Easter）是基督教耶酥复活的重大节日。对基督徒而言，复活节仅次于圣诞节。 公元325年，尼西亚会议决定，为纪念基督教的创始人耶酥复活，将每年的春分月圆后的第一个星期日（the first Sunday following the first full moon after March 21）定为复活节,所以，复活节每年的具体日期不确定。又因为复活节总是在星期天，所以它的英文说法可以是Easter/Easter Day，也可以是Easter Sunday。从复活节开始以后的一周称为复活节周（Easter Week），在此期间，教徒每天进行祈祷。 复活节前40天有一个大斋期称为四月斋（ Lent ），是从基督教的圣灰星期三（ Ash Wednesday ）起至复活节前一天为止的40天，这主要是为了纪念耶酥在荒野禁食（）40天而绝食或忏悔。大斋期为信徒们提供了一赎罪（penance）、斋戒（fasting）、自制（self-denial）和忏悔（repentance）的机会，要求信徒们涤净过去一年中的劣行与罪过。 按照基督教的习惯，在复活节的前一天，教徒们要举行夜间祈祷。这天晚上，教堂里灯火全部熄灭，意味着世界一片黑暗。等到午夜的钟声一响，神父手持一枝点燃的蜡烛（象征基督光芒），走进教堂，将各个教徒手中的蜡烛点燃，不一会儿，整个教堂被众多的蜡烛光照得通明，祈祷也就随之结束。 复活节这一天要举行宗教仪式和活动, 如“圣餐”等，人们见面的第一句话就是“主复活了”（The Lord"s risen）。然后人们互赠彩蛋（Easter egg），小孩吃兔子糖，讲兔子的故事。按西方国家的习俗，彩蛋 和兔子是 复活节的典型象征和吉祥物。 第四节 感恩节（Thanksgiving） 感恩节是美国民间传统节日。时间是每年11月的第四个星期四（the 4th Thursday in November）。 1．起源 感恩节的起源有一段有趣但很复杂的历史，这一段历史要从英国的宗教史说起。大约16世纪中叶，在英国教会（）内出现了改革派。他们主张清除教会内残留的天主教旧制和烦琐的礼仪，取消教堂内华丽的装饰，反对封建王公贵族的骄奢淫逸，主张过勤俭清洁的简朴生活，因而被人称为清教徒（）。清教徒中又分为温和派和激进派。温和派主张君主立宪，代表大资产阶级和上层新贵族的利益。激进派则提倡共和政体，坚持政教分离，主张用长老制改组国会，代表中小资产阶级贵族的利益，后来遭到当局的迫害，部分清教徒于是被迫逃亡国外。1620年9月，102 名英国清教徒乘坐“五月花”号木船（Mayflower）从英格兰的普利茅斯（Plymouth）出发，经过将近3个月的海上漂泊，于当年12月23 日来到美洲的 Massachusetts 东南部的 Plymouth 港口，并在附近意外地找到一个印地安人的村落，他们发现村内无人于是定居下来。但是当时是冬天，又人生地不熟，白手起家，缺衣少食，以及疾病的侵袭等原因，到第一个冬天结束时，活下来的只有50来人。但有幸的是，第二年的春天，这批幸存下来的移民得到了当地印地安人的热心帮助。善良的印地安人给他们种子，教他们打猎，教他们根据当地的气候特点种庄稼等。就这样，在印地安人的帮助下，再加上移民们的艰苦奋斗，终于迎来了1621年的大丰收。 为了感谢上帝赐予的大丰收，移民们决定举行一次盛大的庆祝活动，同时也是为了感谢印地安人的热心帮助。于是他们在1621年的11月下旬的一个星期四，与邀请来的曾帮助过他们的印地安人一起举行了一个庆祝活动。他们在天亮时鸣放礼炮，举行宗教仪式，虔诚地向上帝表示感谢。然后他们用自己猎取的火鸡以及自己种的南瓜、红薯、玉米等做的美味佳肴，隆重庆祝上帝的赐予，这便是美国历史上的感恩节的开始。1789年美国第一任总统华盛顿正式宣布将11月26日作为过感恩节的日子。但一直到1941年由国会通过了一项决议，将每年11月的第四个星期四作为全国统一庆祝感恩节的日子。 第五节 愚人节（April Fool"s Day） 愚人节（April Fool"s Day/All Fool"s Day）是一个比较特殊的节日。时间是每年的4月1日（April 1st）。按照西方国家的习俗，在愚人节这一天，人们可以任意说谎骗人，愚弄他人。骗人越高，越能得到推崇。在愚人节受到愚弄的人被称为 April Fool ( 4月愚人）。按照他们的习惯，当一个人成功地使别人受到愚弄时，他就会笑着说 ，这时受愚弄的人恍然大悟，也会跟着哈哈大笑。愚人节活动活跃气氛,放松一下大脑,为人们的生活增添一些乐趣,本不是件坏事。但是开玩笑或愚弄人应该有个分寸，要适可而止，不要只是一味地追求骗术的高明，而不顾他人的承受性，也就是说不要把自己的一时高兴建立在别人的痛苦之上。 不过愚人节最典型的活动还是大家互相开玩笑，用假话捉弄对方。有的人把细线拴着的钱包丢在大街上，自己在暗处拉着线的另一端。一旦有人捡起钱包，他们就出其不意地猛然把钱包拽走。还有人把砖头放在破帽子下面搁在马路当中，然后等着看谁来了会踢它。小孩们会告诉父母说自己的书包破了个洞，或者脸上有个黑点．等大人俯身来看时，他们就一边喊着“四月傻瓜”。一边笑着跑开去。总之，每逢愚人节这一天，动物园和水族馆还会接到不少打给菲什(鱼)先生成莱昂(狮子)先生的电话，常常惹得工作人员掐断电话线，以便减少麻烦。 如今的愚人节在美国已主要是淘气的男孩子们的节日了。 第六节 母亲节( Mother"s Day) 母亲节( Mother"s Day)是英美等国家为了表达对母亲的敬意而设的一个节日。日期是每年的5月第二个星期日（the 2nd Sunday in May）。 母亲节起源于19世纪60年代的美国。据说当时在美国 Philadelphia 有一个小地方，人们之间彼此关系不十分友好，经常打架。当时有一位叫 Mrs Jarvis 的女士希望能改变这种状况，于是她就开始了一个所谓“母亲友谊节”（Mother"s Friendship Day）。在母亲友谊节这一天便去看望其他人的母亲，并劝她们能和好如初。于 1905年5月9 日去世，她的女儿Miss Anna Javis 继承了她的事业，继续努力，并决心建立一个纪念母亲的节日。于是她开始给当时有影响的人写信，提出自己的建议。在她的努力下， Philadelphia 于1908年5 月10 日第一次庆祝了母亲节。 每逢母亲节，做儿女的会送给自己的母亲节日贺卡（Mother"s Day Cards）、鲜花（flowers）以及母亲们喜欢的精美礼物（presents）等，同时，在这一天做父亲的会领着子女们包揽家务，以便让做母亲的有个休息的机会。 第七节 父亲节( Father"s Day) 每年的6月的第三个星期日（the 3rd Sunday in June）。主要在美国和加拿大。 父亲节( Father"s Day)起源与20世纪初的美国。据说当时在华盛顿州有一位名叫的人，她年幼丧母，兄弟姐妹六人全靠父亲抚养成人。父亲的这种既为人父，又为人母的自我牺牲精神极大地感动了她。长大后，她积极倡导父亲节，并说服当时华盛顿的Ministerial Society of Spokane作一次特殊的礼拜仪式向父亲们表达敬意。后来在1916年她的建议得到了Woodwork Wilson总统的官方承认。 从此父亲节便成为了美国的一项传统节日。 按照习惯，父亲节这一天，做孩子的通常一大早就起床`给父亲做一顿丰盛的早餐，端到父亲的床头，感谢父亲的养育之恩。另外，父亲节这一天，孩子们还向父亲赠送礼物，所送的一般是父亲喜欢的衣服和爱喝的酒。 第八节 情人节( Saint Valentine"s Day) 情人节( Saint Valentine"s Day)是英美等国一个十分重要的节日，时间是每年的2月14日。 关于情人节的起源有许多不同的解释，现在大多无法考证，其中比较流行的说法是：它是为了纪念罗马基督教殉道者St. Valentine而设的。相传他在2 月14日即将被斩首之前，凭借自己执著的爱恋之情的魔力使双目失明的女儿重见光明。 值得注意的是情人节不仅仅是年轻人的节日，也是一个大众化的节日。情人节这一天，不仅仅情侣们互赠卡片和礼物，人们也给自己的父母、老以及其他受自己尊敬和爱戴的人赠礼物和卡片。特别引人入胜的是情人节之夜的化装舞会。这在几十年前就十分流行。参加舞会的入，个个煞费苦心地将自己装扮起来，有的化装成中世纪的骑士，有的化装成西班牙的海盗，还有的化装成东方的皇帝。聪明的舞会主人常常给每位客人发一个带花边的瓦伦丁卡片，上面写着某个人的名字，这个人就成为你今晚的伙伴。因此在舞会上，人们便可以看到罗密欧和灰姑娘翩翩起舞；哈姆雷特同卡门谈笑风生；阿拉伯公主同查理二世共进晚餐。他们化装得那样维妙维肖．使人觉得仿佛真的是一群古人复活了。 第九节 万圣节 ( Halloween) 1． 万圣节（All Saints" Day） 按照基督教的习惯，每年的11月1 日为万圣节，是纪念所有圣徒的日子。万圣节前夕便是万圣节的前一天，即10月31日。在中世纪的英格兰，万圣节被叫做 All Hallow ，大家知道，"前夕"的英语是eve , 所以万圣节前夕便由Halloween + eve 演变成 Halloween 。 在英国，万圣节前夕可以说是一个鬼节。因为大多数活动都与“鬼”有关。每到万圣节前夕这天晚上，人们就围坐在火炉旁，讲述一些有关鬼的故事，有时让一些在场的小孩听起来好生害怕。有的人把萝卜或甜菜头挖空，做成一个古怪的头形的东西，在上面刻上嘴和眼睛，在其内放上一枝点燃的蜡烛，看上去古怪、让人害怕，然后把它挂在树枝上或大门上，据说这样可以驱逐妖魔鬼怪。 在美国，人们制作“杰克灯”或叫“南瓜灯”（Jack-o"-lantern）。小孩们身穿古怪的服装，头戴面具，装扮成鬼怪的形象，手里提着一盏南瓜灯，从一家走到另一家，在大门口大声叫着“是请客还是要我们捣乱（Trick or Treat）。这时若主人不请客（treat ），这些顽皮的孩子就会动真格地捣乱（trick），有的在主人的门把上涂上肥皂或往玻璃上洒肥皂水；有的干脆把主人的门给卸下来；还有的顺手拿走主人放在门口的日常小用品等。但人们对这些天真可爱的小客人一般还是欢迎的，并且事先都准备好糖果或零钱。听到这些小孩来到时，他们马上迎出来，给孩子们分发糖果或零钱。 美国独立日 美国独立日7月4日 ，独立日是美国主要法定节日之一。 1776年7月4日，由杰弗逊起草的《独立宣言》在费城大陆会议上正式通过，庄严地宣布美利坚合众国脱离英国而独立。《独立宣言》是具有世界历史意义的伟大文献，通过《独立宣言》的这一天也成为美国人民永远纪念的节日，定为美国独立日。 参考资料：www.erong.com